+static void
+bad_malloc(unsigned int size)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr, "fatal: could not malloc() %d bytes\n",
+ (int) size);
+ exit(1);
+}
+
+void *
+emallocz(unsigned int size)
+{
+ void *res = calloc(1, size);
+ if(!res)
+ bad_malloc(size);
+ return res;
+}
+
+void *
+emalloc(unsigned int size)
+{
+ void *res = malloc(size);
+ if(!res)
+ bad_malloc(size);
+ return res;
+}
+
+void *
+erealloc(void *ptr, unsigned int size)
+{
+ void *res = realloc(ptr, size);
+ if(!res)
+ bad_malloc(size);
+ return res;
+}
+
+char *
+estrdup(const char *str)
+{
+ char *res = strdup(str);
+ if(!res)
+ bad_malloc(strlen(str));
+ return res;
+}
+
+void
+swap(void **p1, void **p2)
+{
+ void *tmp = *p1;
+ *p1 = *p2;
+ *p2 = tmp;
+}
+
+void
+spawn(char *argv[])
+{
+ if(!argv || !argv[0])
+ return;
+ if(fork() == 0) {
+ if(fork() == 0) {
+ if(dpy)
+ close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
+ setsid();
+ execvp(argv[0], argv);
+ fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", argv[0]);
+ perror(" failed");
+ }
+ exit (0);
+ }
+ wait(0);
+}