X-Git-Url: https://git.xinqibao.xyz/dwm.git/blobdiff_plain/0235a84ef286db5c97239615ae525ce973641941..016dca4f694cb51c7db77aeeefcb55b8869f3842:/dwm.c?ds=inline

diff --git a/dwm.c b/dwm.c
index d497f4c..29af1bd 100644
--- a/dwm.c
+++ b/dwm.c
@@ -1,54 +1,86 @@
-/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
+/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
+ *
+ * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
+ * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
+ * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
+ * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
+ * allowed to select for this event mask.
+ *
+ * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
+ * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
+ * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
+ * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
+ * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
+ * event dispatching in O(1) time.
+ *
+ * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
+ * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
+ * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
+ * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
+ * client.
+ *
+ * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
+ *
+ * To understand everything else, start reading main().
+ */
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <locale.h>
-#include <regex.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
 #include <X11/keysym.h>
 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#ifdef XINERAMA
+#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
+#endif
 
 /* macros */
-#define BUTTONMASK		(ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
-#define CLEANMASK(mask)		(mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
-#define MOUSEMASK		(BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
+#define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
+#define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
+#define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
+#define MAXTAGLEN       16
+#define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
+#define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
+#define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
 
 /* enums */
-enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };			/* bar position */
-enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };	/* cursor */
-enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };		/* color */
-enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };		/* EWMH atoms */
+enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
+enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
+enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
 
 /* typedefs */
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+typedef unsigned long ulong;
 typedef struct Client Client;
 struct Client {
 	char name[256];
 	int x, y, w, h;
-	int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
 	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
-	int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
-	long flags; 
-	unsigned int border, oldborder;
-	Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating;
-	Bool *tags;
+	float mina, maxa;
+	int bw, oldbw;
+	Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, ismoved, isurgent;
+	uint tags;
 	Client *next;
-	Client *prev;
 	Client *snext;
 	Window win;
 };
 
 typedef struct {
 	int x, y, w, h;
-	unsigned long norm[ColLast];
-	unsigned long sel[ColLast];
+	ulong norm[ColLast];
+	ulong sel[ColLast];
 	Drawable drawable;
 	GC gc;
 	struct {
@@ -60,11 +92,18 @@ typedef struct {
 	} font;
 } DC; /* draw context */
 
+typedef union {
+	int i;
+	uint ui;
+	float f;
+	void *v;
+} Arg;
+
 typedef struct {
-	unsigned long mod;
+	uint mod;
 	KeySym keysym;
-	void (*func)(const char *arg);
-	const char *arg;
+	void (*func)(const Arg *);
+	const Arg arg;
 } Key;
 
 typedef struct {
@@ -73,121 +112,101 @@ typedef struct {
 } Layout;
 
 typedef struct {
-	const char *prop;
-	const char *tags;
+	const char *class;
+	const char *instance;
+	const char *title;
+	uint tags;
 	Bool isfloating;
 } Rule;
 
-typedef struct {
-	regex_t *propregex;
-	regex_t *tagregex;
-} Regs;
-
-/* functions */
-static void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
-static void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
-static void spawn(const char *arg);
-static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
-static unsigned long initcolor(const char *colstr);
-static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
-static Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
-static unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
-static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
-static void drawbar(void);
-static void initstyle(void);
-static void initbar(void);
-static unsigned int textw(const char *text);
-static void togglebar(const char *arg);
-static void updatebarpos(void);
+/* function declarations */
+static void applyrules(Client *c);
+static void arrange(void);
+static void attach(Client *c);
 static void attachstack(Client *c);
-static void detachstack(Client *c);
-static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
-static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
-static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
-static int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
-static void ban(Client *c);
-static void configure(Client *c);
-static void killclient(const char *arg);
-static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
-static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
-static void unban(Client *c);
-static void unmanage(Client *c);
-static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
-static void updatetitle(Client *c);
-static Client *getclient(Window w);
-static void movemouse(Client *c);
-static void resizemouse(Client *c);
 static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
-static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
+static void checkotherwm(void);
+static void cleanup(void);
+static void configure(Client *c);
 static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
+static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
+static void detach(Client *c);
+static void detachstack(Client *c);
+static void drawbar(void);
+static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
+static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
+static void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 static void expose(XEvent *e);
+static void focus(Client *c);
+static void focusin(XEvent *e);
+static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
+static Client *getclient(Window w);
+static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
+static long getstate(Window w);
+static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
+static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
+static void grabkeys(void);
+static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
+static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
+static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
+static Bool isurgent(uint t);
 static void keypress(XEvent *e);
-static void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
+static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
+static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
+static void movemouse(Client *c);
+static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
-static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
-static void grabkeys(void);
-static unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
-static void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
-static void applyrules(Client *c);
-static void compileregs(void);
-static void focusnext(const char *arg);
-static void focusprev(const char *arg);
-static void initlayouts(void);
-static Bool isfloating(void);
-static Bool isvisible(Client *c);
+static void quit(const Arg *arg);
+static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
+static void resizemouse(Client *c);
 static void restack(void);
-static void setlayout(const char *arg);
-static void tag(const char *arg);
-static void togglefloating(const char *arg);
-static void togglemax(const char *arg);
-static void toggletag(const char *arg);
-static void toggleview(const char *arg);
-static void view(const char *arg);
-static void cleanup(void);
-static long getstate(Window w);
+static void run(void);
 static void scan(void);
+static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
+static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 static void setup(void);
-static int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
-static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
-static void quit(const char *arg);
-static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
-static void arrange(void);
-static void attach(Client *c);
-static void detach(Client *c);
-static void focus(Client *c);
-static Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
-static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
-static void setmwfact(const char *arg);
+static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
+static void tag(const Arg *arg);
+static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 static void tile(void);
-static void zoom(const char *arg);
-
-#include "config.h"
+static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
+static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
+static void togglelayout(const Arg *arg);
+static void togglemax(const Arg *arg);
+static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
+static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
+static void unmanage(Client *c);
+static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
+static void updatebar(void);
+static void updategeom(void);
+static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
+static void updatetitle(Client *c);
+static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
+static void view(const Arg *arg);
+static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
+static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
+static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
+static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 
 /* variables */
 static char stext[256];
-static double mwfact = MWFACT;
-static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
+static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
+static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
+static uint seltags = 0;
 static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
-static unsigned int bh;
-static unsigned int blw = 0;
-static unsigned int bpos = BARPOS;
-static unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
-static unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
-static unsigned int nrules = 0;
-static unsigned int ntags;
-static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
+static uint numlockmask = 0;
 static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
-	[LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 	[Expose] = expose,
+	[FocusIn] = focusin,
 	[KeyPress] = keypress,
 	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
@@ -195,668 +214,778 @@ static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 };
 static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
+static Bool ismax = False;
 static Bool otherwm, readin;
 static Bool running = True;
-static Bool *seltags;
-static Bool selscreen = True;
+static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 static Client *clients = NULL;
 static Client *sel = NULL;
 static Client *stack = NULL;
 static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 static Display *dpy;
 static DC dc = {0};
-static Window barwin, root;
-static Regs *regs = NULL;
+static Layout *lt = NULL;
+static Window root, barwin;
+/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
+#include "config.h"
 
-static void
-eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
-	va_list ap;
+/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
+struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 
-	va_start(ap, errstr);
-	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
-	va_end(ap);
-	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+/* function implementations */
+void
+applyrules(Client *c) {
+	uint i;
+	Rule *r;
+	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
+
+	/* rule matching */
+	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
+	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
+		r = &rules[i];
+		if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
+		&& (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
+		&& (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
+			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
+			c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
+		}
+	}
+	if(ch.res_class)
+		XFree(ch.res_class);
+	if(ch.res_name)
+		XFree(ch.res_name);
+	if(!c->tags)
+		c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 }
 
-static void *
-emallocz(unsigned int size) {
-	void *res = calloc(1, size);
+void
+arrange(void) {
+	Client *c;
+
+	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
+		if(c->tags & tagset[seltags]) { /* is visible */
+			if(ismax && !c->isfixed) {
+				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw);
+				c->ismoved = True;
+			}
+			else if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
+				resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
+			c->isbanned = False;
+		}
+		else if(!c->isbanned) {
+			XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
+			c->isbanned = c->ismoved = True;
+		}
 
-	if(!res)
-		eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
-	return res;
+	focus(NULL);
+	if(lt->arrange && !ismax)
+		lt->arrange();
+	restack();
 }
 
-static void
-spawn(const char *arg) {
-	static char *shell = NULL;
+void
+attach(Client *c) {
+	c->next = clients;
+	clients = c;
+}
 
-	if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
-		shell = "/bin/sh";
-	if(!arg)
-		return;
-	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
-	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
-	if(fork() == 0) {
-		if(fork() == 0) {
-			if(dpy)
-				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
-			setsid();
-			execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
-			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
-			perror(" failed");
-		}
-		exit(0);
-	}
-	wait(0);
+void
+attachstack(Client *c) {
+	c->snext = stack;
+	stack = c;
 }
 
-static void
-drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
+void
+buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
+	uint i, mask;
 	int x;
-	XGCValues gcv;
-	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
+	Client *c;
+	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 
-	gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
-	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
-	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
-	r.x = dc.x + 1;
-	r.y = dc.y + 1;
-	if(filled) {
-		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
-		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
+	if(ev->window == barwin) {
+		x = 0;
+		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
+			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
+			if(ev->x < x) {
+				mask = 1 << i;
+				if(ev->button == Button1) {
+					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
+						tag((Arg*)&mask);
+					else
+						view((Arg*)&mask);
+				}
+				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
+					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
+						toggletag((Arg*)&mask);
+					else
+						toggleview((Arg*)&mask);
+				}
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		if(ev->x < x + blw) {
+			if(ev->button == Button1)
+				togglelayout(NULL);
+			else if(ev->button == Button3)
+				togglemax(NULL);
+		}
 	}
-	else if(empty) {
-		r.width = r.height = x;
-		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
+	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
+		focus(c);
+		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY || (ismax && !c->isfixed))
+			return;
+		if(ev->button == Button1)
+			movemouse(c);
+		else if(ev->button == Button2)
+			togglefloating(NULL);
+		else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed)
+			resizemouse(c);
 	}
 }
 
-static unsigned long
-initcolor(const char *colstr) {
-	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
-	XColor color;
+void
+checkotherwm(void) {
+	otherwm = False;
+	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 
-	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
-		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
-	return color.pixel;
+	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
+	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
+	XSync(dpy, False);
+	if(otherwm)
+		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
+	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
+	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
+	XSync(dpy, False);
 }
 
-static void
-initfont(const char *fontstr) {
-	char *def, **missing;
-	int i, n;
+void
+cleanup(void) {
+	Arg a = {.i = ~0};
+	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 
-	missing = NULL;
+	close(STDIN_FILENO);
+	view(&a);
+	lt = &foo;
+	while(stack)
+		unmanage(stack);
 	if(dc.font.set)
 		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
-	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
-	if(missing) {
-		while(n--)
-			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
-		XFreeStringList(missing);
-	}
-	if(dc.font.set) {
-		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
-		XFontStruct **xfonts;
-		char **font_names;
-		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
-		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
-		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
-		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
-			if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
-				dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
-			if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
-				dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
-			xfonts++;
-		}
-	}
-	else {
-		if(dc.font.xfont)
-			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
-		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
-		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
-		|| !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
-			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
-		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
-		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
-	}
-	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
-}
-
-static Bool
-isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
-	Client *c;
-
-	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
-		if(c->tags[t])
-			return True;
-	return False;
+	else
+		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
+	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
+	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
+	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
+	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
+	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
+	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
+	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
+	XSync(dpy, False);
+	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 }
 
-static unsigned int
-textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
-	XRectangle r;
+void
+configure(Client *c) {
+	XConfigureEvent ce;
 
-	if(dc.font.set) {
-		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
-		return r.width;
-	}
-	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
+	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
+	ce.display = dpy;
+	ce.event = c->win;
+	ce.window = c->win;
+	ce.x = c->x;
+	ce.y = c->y;
+	ce.width = c->w;
+	ce.height = c->h;
+	ce.border_width = c->bw;
+	ce.above = None;
+	ce.override_redirect = False;
+	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 }
 
-static void
-drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
-	int x, y, w, h;
-	static char buf[256];
-	unsigned int len, olen;
-	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
+void
+configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
+	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 
-	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
-	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
-	if(!text)
-		return;
-	w = 0;
-	olen = len = strlen(text);
-	if(len >= sizeof buf)
-		len = sizeof buf - 1;
-	memcpy(buf, text, len);
-	buf[len] = 0;
-	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
-	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
-	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
-	/* shorten text if necessary */
-	while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
-		buf[--len] = 0;
-	if(len < olen) {
-		if(len > 1)
-			buf[len - 1] = '.';
-		if(len > 2)
-			buf[len - 2] = '.';
-		if(len > 3)
-			buf[len - 3] = '.';
+	if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
+		sw = ev->width;
+		sh = ev->height;
+		updategeom();
+		updatebar();
+		arrange();
 	}
-	if(w > dc.w)
-		return; /* too long */
-	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
-	if(dc.font.set)
-		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
-	else
-		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 }
 
-static void
-drawbar(void) {
-	int i, x;
+void
+configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
+	Client *c;
+	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
+	XWindowChanges wc;
 
-	dc.x = dc.y = 0;
-	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
-		dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
-		if(seltags[i]) {
-			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
-			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
-		}
-		else {
-			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
-			drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
+	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
+		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
+			c->bw = ev->border_width;
+		if(ismax && !c->isbanned && !c->isfixed)
+			XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh + 2 * c->bw);
+		else if(c->isfloating || !lt->arrange) {
+			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
+				c->x = sx + ev->x;
+			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
+				c->y = sy + ev->y;
+			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
+				c->w = ev->width;
+			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
+				c->h = ev->height;
+			if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
+				c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
+			if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
+				c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
+			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
+			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
+				configure(c);
+			if(!c->isbanned)
+				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
+		}
+		else
+			configure(c);
+	}
+	else {
+		wc.x = ev->x;
+		wc.y = ev->y;
+		wc.width = ev->width;
+		wc.height = ev->height;
+		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
+		wc.sibling = ev->above;
+		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
+		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
+	}
+	XSync(dpy, False);
+}
+
+void
+destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
+	Client *c;
+	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
+
+	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
+		unmanage(c);
+}
+
+void
+detach(Client *c) {
+	Client *i;
+
+	if (c != clients) {
+		for(i = clients; i->next != c; i = i->next);
+		i->next = c->next;
+	}
+	else {
+		clients = c->next;
+	}
+	c->next =  NULL;
+}
+
+void
+detachstack(Client *c) {
+	Client **tc;
+
+	for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
+	*tc = c->snext;
+}
+
+void
+drawbar(void) {
+	int i, x;
+	Client *c;
+
+	dc.x = 0;
+	for(c = stack; c && c->isbanned; c = c->snext);
+	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
+		dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
+		if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
+			drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
+			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
+		}
+		else {
+			drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
+			drawsquare(c && c->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 		}
 		dc.x += dc.w;
 	}
-	dc.w = blw;
-	drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
-	x = dc.x + dc.w;
-	dc.w = textw(stext);
-	dc.x = sw - dc.w;
+	if(blw > 0) {
+		dc.w = blw;
+		drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, ismax);
+		x = dc.x + dc.w;
+	}
+	else
+		x = dc.x;
+	dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
+	dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 	if(dc.x < x) {
 		dc.x = x;
-		dc.w = sw - x;
+		dc.w = ww - x;
 	}
-	drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
+	drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 	if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 		dc.x = x;
-		if(sel) {
-			drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
-			drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
+		if(c) {
+			drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
+			drawsquare(c->isfixed, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 		}
 		else
-			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
+			drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 	}
-	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
+	XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 	XSync(dpy, False);
 }
 
-static void
-initstyle(void) {
-	dc.norm[ColBorder] = initcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
-	dc.norm[ColBG] = initcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
-	dc.norm[ColFG] = initcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
-	dc.sel[ColBorder] = initcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
-	dc.sel[ColBG] = initcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
-	dc.sel[ColFG] = initcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
-	initfont(FONT);
-	dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
+void
+drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
+	int x;
+	XGCValues gcv;
+	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
+
+	gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
+	XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
+	x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
+	r.x = dc.x + 1;
+	r.y = dc.y + 1;
+	if(filled) {
+		r.width = r.height = x + 1;
+		XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
+	}
+	else if(empty) {
+		r.width = r.height = x;
+		XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
+	}
 }
 
-static void
-initbar(void) {
-	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
+void
+drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
+	int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
+	XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
+	char buf[256];
 
-	wa.override_redirect = 1;
-	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
-	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
-	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
-			DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
-			CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
-	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
-	updatebarpos();
-	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
-	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
-	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
-	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
-	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
-	if(!dc.font.set)
-		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
+	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
+	XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
+	if(!text)
+		return;
+	olen = strlen(text);
+	len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
+	memcpy(buf, text, len);
+	h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
+	y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
+	x = dc.x + (h / 2);
+	/* shorten text if necessary */
+	for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
+	if(!len)
+		return;
+	if(len < olen)
+		for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
+	XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
+	if(dc.font.set)
+		XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
+	else
+		XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 }
 
-static unsigned int
-textw(const char *text) {
-	return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
-}
+void
+enternotify(XEvent *e) {
+	Client *c;
+	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 
-static void
-togglebar(const char *arg) {
-	if(bpos == BarOff)
-		bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
+	if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
+		return;
+	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
+		focus(c);
 	else
-		bpos = BarOff;
-	updatebarpos();
-	arrange();
+		focus(NULL);
 }
 
-static void
-updatebarpos(void) {
-	XEvent ev;
+void
+eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
+	va_list ap;
 
-	wax = sx;
-	way = sy;
-	wah = sh;
-	waw = sw;
-	switch(bpos) {
-	default:
-		wah -= bh;
-		way += bh;
-		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
-		break;
-	case BarBot:
-		wah -= bh;
-		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
-		break;
-	case BarOff:
-		XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
-		break;
-	}
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
+	va_start(ap, errstr);
+	vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 
-static void
-attachstack(Client *c) {
-	c->snext = stack;
-	stack = c;
+void
+expose(XEvent *e) {
+	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
+
+	if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
+		drawbar();
 }
 
-static void
-detachstack(Client *c) {
-	Client **tc;
+void
+focus(Client *c) {
+	if(!c || c->isbanned)
+		for(c = stack; c && c->isbanned; c = c->snext);
+	if(sel && sel != c) {
+		grabbuttons(sel, False);
+		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
+	}
+	if(c) {
+		detachstack(c);
+		attachstack(c);
+		grabbuttons(c, True);
+		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
+		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
+	}
+	else
+		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
+	sel = c;
+	drawbar();
+}
 
-	for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
-	*tc = c->snext;
+void
+focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
+	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
+
+	if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
+		XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 }
 
-static void
-grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
-	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
+void
+focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
+	Client *c = NULL, *i;
 
-	if(focused) {
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
-		XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
+	if(!sel)
+		return;
+	if (arg->i > 0) {
+		for(c = sel->next; c && c->isbanned; c = c->next);
+		if(!c)
+			for(c = clients; c && c->isbanned; c = c->next);
+	}
+	else {
+		for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
+			if (!i->isbanned)
+				c = i;
+		if(!c)
+			for(; i; i = i->next)
+				if (!i->isbanned)
+					c = i;
+	}
+	if(c) {
+		focus(c);
+		restack();
 	}
-	else
-		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 }
 
-static Bool
-isprotodel(Client *c) {
-	int i, n;
-	Atom *protocols;
-	Bool ret = False;
+Client *
+getclient(Window w) {
+	Client *c;
 
-	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
-		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
-			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
-				ret = True;
-		XFree(protocols);
-	}
-	return ret;
+	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
+	return c;
 }
 
-static void
-setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
-	long data[] = {state, None};
+ulong
+getcolor(const char *colstr) {
+	Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
+	XColor color;
 
-	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
-			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
+	if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
+		eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
+	return color.pixel;
 }
 
-static int
-xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
-	return 0;
+long
+getstate(Window w) {
+	int format, status;
+	long result = -1;
+	unsigned char *p = NULL;
+	ulong n, extra;
+	Atom real;
+
+	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
+			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
+	if(status != Success)
+		return -1;
+	if(n != 0)
+		result = *p;
+	XFree(p);
+	return result;
 }
 
-static void
-ban(Client *c) {
-	if(c->isbanned)
-		return;
-	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
-	c->isbanned = True;
+Bool
+gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
+	char **list = NULL;
+	int n;
+	XTextProperty name;
+
+	if(!text || size == 0)
+		return False;
+	text[0] = '\0';
+	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
+	if(!name.nitems)
+		return False;
+	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
+		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
+	else {
+		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
+		&& n > 0 && *list) {
+			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
+			XFreeStringList(list);
+		}
+	}
+	text[size - 1] = '\0';
+	XFree(name.value);
+	return True;
 }
 
-static void
-configure(Client *c) {
-	XConfigureEvent ce;
+void
+grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
+	int i, j;
+	uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
+	uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask };
 
-	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
-	ce.display = dpy;
-	ce.event = c->win;
-	ce.window = c->win;
-	ce.x = c->x;
-	ce.y = c->y;
-	ce.width = c->w;
-	ce.height = c->h;
-	ce.border_width = c->border;
-	ce.above = None;
-	ce.override_redirect = False;
-	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
+	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
+	if(focused)
+		for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
+			for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
+				XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
+					BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
+	else
+		XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
+			BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 }
 
-static void
-killclient(const char *arg) {
-	XEvent ev;
+void
+grabkeys(void) {
+	uint i, j;
+	KeyCode code;
+	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 
-	if(!sel)
-		return;
-	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
-		ev.type = ClientMessage;
-		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
-		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
-		ev.xclient.format = 32;
-		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
-		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
-		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
+	/* init modifier map */
+	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
+	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+		for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
+			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
+				numlockmask = (1 << i);
+		}
+	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
+
+	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
+	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
+		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
+		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
+				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
+		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
+				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
+		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
+				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
+		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
+				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 	}
-	else
-		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 }
 
-static void
-manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
-	unsigned int i;
-	Client *c, *t = NULL;
-	Window trans;
-	Status rettrans;
-	XWindowChanges wc;
+void
+initfont(const char *fontstr) {
+	char *def, **missing;
+	int i, n;
 
-	c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
-	c->tags = emallocz(ntags * sizeof(Bool));
-	c->win = w;
-	c->x = wa->x;
-	c->y = wa->y;
-	c->w = wa->width;
-	c->h = wa->height;
-	c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
-	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
-		c->x = sx;
-		c->y = sy;
-		c->border = wa->border_width;
+	missing = NULL;
+	if(dc.font.set)
+		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
+	dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
+	if(missing) {
+		while(n--)
+			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
+		XFreeStringList(missing);
+	}
+	if(dc.font.set) {
+		XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
+		XFontStruct **xfonts;
+		char **font_names;
+		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
+		font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
+		n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
+		for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
+			dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
+			xfonts++;
+		}
 	}
 	else {
-		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
-			c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
-		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
-			c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
-		if(c->x < wax)
-			c->x = wax;
-		if(c->y < way)
-			c->y = way;
-		c->border = BORDERPX;
+		if(dc.font.xfont)
+			XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
+		dc.font.xfont = NULL;
+		if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
+		&& !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
+			eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
+		dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
+		dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 	}
-	wc.border_width = c->border;
-	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
-	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
-	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
-	updatesizehints(c);
-	XSelectInput(dpy, w,
-		StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
-	grabbuttons(c, False);
-	updatetitle(c);
-	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
-		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
-	if(t)
-		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-			c->tags[i] = t->tags[i];
-	applyrules(c);
-	if(!c->isfloating)
-		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
-	attach(c);
-	attachstack(c);
-	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
-	ban(c);
-	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
-	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
-	arrange();
+	dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 }
 
-static void
-resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
-	double dx, dy, max, min, ratio;
-	XWindowChanges wc; 
+Bool
+isoccupied(uint t) {
+	Client *c;
 
-	if(sizehints) {
-		if(c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && (h - c->baseh) > 0 && (w - c->basew) > 0) {
-			dx = (double)(w - c->basew);
-			dy = (double)(h - c->baseh);
-			min = (double)(c->minax) / (double)(c->minay);
-			max = (double)(c->maxax) / (double)(c->maxay);
-			ratio = dx / dy;
-			if(max > 0 && min > 0 && ratio > 0) {
-				if(ratio < min) {
-					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (min * min + 1);
-					dx = dy * min;
-					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
-					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
-				}
-				else if(ratio > max) {
-					dy = (dx * min + dy) / (max * max + 1);
-					dx = dy * min;
-					w = (int)dx + c->basew;
-					h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		if(c->minw && w < c->minw)
-			w = c->minw;
-		if(c->minh && h < c->minh)
-			h = c->minh;
-		if(c->maxw && w > c->maxw)
-			w = c->maxw;
-		if(c->maxh && h > c->maxh)
-			h = c->maxh;
-		if(c->incw)
-			w -= (w - c->basew) % c->incw;
-		if(c->inch)
-			h -= (h - c->baseh) % c->inch;
-	}
-	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
-		return;
-	/* offscreen appearance fixes */
-	if(x > sw)
-		x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
-	if(y > sh)
-		y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
-	if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
-		x = sx;
-	if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
-		y = sy;
-	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
-		c->x = wc.x = x;
-		c->y = wc.y = y;
-		c->w = wc.width = w;
-		c->h = wc.height = h;
-		wc.border_width = c->border;
-		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
-		configure(c);
-		XSync(dpy, False);
+	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
+		if(c->tags & 1 << t)
+			return True;
+	return False;
+}
+
+Bool
+isprotodel(Client *c) {
+	int i, n;
+	Atom *protocols;
+	Bool ret = False;
+
+	if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
+		for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
+			if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
+				ret = True;
+		XFree(protocols);
 	}
+	return ret;
 }
 
-static void
-unban(Client *c) {
-	if(!c->isbanned)
-		return;
-	XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
-	c->isbanned = False;
+Bool
+isurgent(uint t) {
+	Client *c;
+
+	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
+		if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
+			return True;
+	return False;
 }
 
-static void
-unmanage(Client *c) {
-	XWindowChanges wc;
+void
+keypress(XEvent *e) {
+	uint i;
+	KeySym keysym;
+	XKeyEvent *ev;
 
-	wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
-	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
-	XGrabServer(dpy);
-	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
-	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
-	detach(c);
-	detachstack(c);
-	if(sel == c)
-		focus(NULL);
-	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
-	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
-	free(c->tags);
-	free(c);
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
-	XUngrabServer(dpy);
-	arrange();
+	ev = &e->xkey;
+	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
+	for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
+		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
+		   && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
+		   && keys[i].func)
+			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 }
 
-static void
-updatesizehints(Client *c) {
-	long msize;
-	XSizeHints size;
+void
+killclient(const Arg *arg) {
+	XEvent ev;
 
-	if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
-		size.flags = PSize;
-	c->flags = size.flags;
-	if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
-		c->basew = size.base_width;
-		c->baseh = size.base_height;
-	}
-	else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
-		c->basew = size.min_width;
-		c->baseh = size.min_height;
-	}
-	else
-		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
-	if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
-		c->incw = size.width_inc;
-		c->inch = size.height_inc;
-	}
-	else
-		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
-	if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
-		c->maxw = size.max_width;
-		c->maxh = size.max_height;
+	if(!sel)
+		return;
+	if(isprotodel(sel)) {
+		ev.type = ClientMessage;
+		ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
+		ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
+		ev.xclient.format = 32;
+		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
+		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
+		XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 	}
 	else
-		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
-	if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
-		c->minw = size.min_width;
-		c->minh = size.min_height;
-	}
-	else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
-		c->minw = size.base_width;
-		c->minh = size.base_height;
+		XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
+}
+
+void
+manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
+	Client *c, *t = NULL;
+	Status rettrans;
+	Window trans;
+	XWindowChanges wc;
+
+	if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
+		eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
+	c->win = w;
+
+	/* geometry */
+	c->x = wa->x;
+	c->y = wa->y;
+	c->w = wa->width;
+	c->h = wa->height;
+	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
+	if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
+		c->x = sx;
+		c->y = sy;
+		c->bw = wa->border_width;
 	}
-	else
-		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
-	if(c->flags & PAspect) {
-		c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
-		c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
-		c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
-		c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
+	else {
+		if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
+			c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
+		if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
+			c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
+		c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
+		c->y = MAX(c->y, by == 0 ? bh : sy);
+		c->bw = borderpx;
 	}
+
+	wc.border_width = c->bw;
+	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
+	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
+	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
+	updatesizehints(c);
+	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
+	grabbuttons(c, False);
+	updatetitle(c);
+	if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
+		for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
+	if(t)
+		c->tags = t->tags;
 	else
-		c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
-	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
-			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
+		applyrules(c);
+	if(!c->isfloating)
+		c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
+	if(c->isfloating)
+		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
+	attach(c);
+	attachstack(c);
+	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
+	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
+	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
+	arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-updatetitle(Client *c) {
-	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
-		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
+void
+mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
+	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
+
+	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
+	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
+		grabkeys();
 }
 
-static Client *
-getclient(Window w) {
-	Client *c;
+void
+maprequest(XEvent *e) {
+	static XWindowAttributes wa;
+	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 
-	for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
-	return c;
+	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
+		return;
+	if(wa.override_redirect)
+		return;
+	if(!getclient(ev->window))
+		manage(ev->window, &wa);
 }
 
-static void
+void
 movemouse(Client *c) {
 	int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
-	unsigned int dui;
+	uint dui;
 	Window dummy;
 	XEvent ev;
 
+	restack();
 	ocx = nx = c->x;
 	ocy = ny = c->y;
 	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
-			None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
+	None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 		return;
-	c->ismax = False;
 	XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 	for(;;) {
-		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
+		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 		switch (ev.type) {
 		case ButtonRelease:
 			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
@@ -870,39 +999,156 @@ movemouse(Client *c) {
 			XSync(dpy, False);
 			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
 			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
-			if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
-				nx = wax;
-			else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
-				nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
-			if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
-				ny = way;
-			else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
-				ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
-			resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
+			if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
+			        && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
+				if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
+					nx = wx;
+				else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
+					nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
+				if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
+					ny = wy;
+				else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
+					ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
+				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
+					togglefloating(NULL);
+			}
+			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
+				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+Client *
+nexttiled(Client *c) {
+	for(; c && (c->isfloating || c->isbanned); c = c->next);
+	return c;
+}
+
+void
+propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
+	Client *c;
+	Window trans;
+	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
+
+	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
+		return; /* ignore */
+	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
+		switch (ev->atom) {
+		default: break;
+		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
+			XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
+			if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
+				arrange();
+			break;
+		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
+			updatesizehints(c);
 			break;
+		case XA_WM_HINTS:
+			updatewmhints(c);
+			drawbar();
+			break;
+		}
+		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
+			updatetitle(c);
+			if(c == sel)
+				drawbar();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void
+quit(const Arg *arg) {
+	readin = running = False;
+}
+
+void
+resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
+	XWindowChanges wc;
+
+	if(sizehints) {
+		/* set minimum possible */
+		w = MAX(1, w);
+		h = MAX(1, h);
+
+		/* temporarily remove base dimensions */
+		w -= c->basew;
+		h -= c->baseh;
+
+		/* adjust for aspect limits */
+		if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
+			if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
+				w = h * c->maxa;
+			else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
+				h = w * c->mina;
 		}
+
+		/* adjust for increment value */
+		if(c->incw)
+			w -= w % c->incw;
+		if(c->inch)
+			h -= h % c->inch;
+
+		/* restore base dimensions */
+		w += c->basew;
+		h += c->baseh;
+
+		w = MAX(w, c->minw);
+		h = MAX(h, c->minh);
+		
+		if (c->maxw)
+			w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
+
+		if (c->maxh)
+			h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
+	}
+	if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
+		return;
+	if(x > sx + sw)
+		x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
+	if(y > sy + sh)
+		y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
+	if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
+		x = sx;
+	if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
+		y = sy;
+	if(h < bh)
+		h = bh;
+	if(w < bh)
+		w = bh;
+	if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h || c->ismoved) {
+		c->ismoved = False;
+		c->x = wc.x = x;
+		c->y = wc.y = y;
+		c->w = wc.width = w;
+		c->h = wc.height = h;
+		wc.border_width = c->bw;
+		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
+				CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
+		configure(c);
+		XSync(dpy, False);
 	}
 }
 
-static void
+void
 resizemouse(Client *c) {
 	int ocx, ocy;
 	int nw, nh;
 	XEvent ev;
 
+	restack();
 	ocx = c->x;
 	ocy = c->y;
 	if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
-			None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
+	None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 		return;
-	c->ismax = False;
-	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
+	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
 	for(;;) {
-		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
+		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
 		switch(ev.type) {
 		case ButtonRelease:
 			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-					c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
+					c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
 			XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 			while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
 			return;
@@ -913,702 +1159,499 @@ resizemouse(Client *c) {
 			break;
 		case MotionNotify:
 			XSync(dpy, False);
-			if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
-				nw = 1;
-			if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
-				nh = 1;
-			resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
-	unsigned int i, x;
-	Client *c;
-	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
-
-	if(barwin == ev->window) {
-		x = 0;
-		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
-			x += textw(tags[i]);
-			if(ev->x < x) {
-				if(ev->button == Button1) {
-					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
-						tag(tags[i]);
-					else
-						view(tags[i]);
-				}
-				else if(ev->button == Button3) {
-					if(ev->state & MODKEY)
-						toggletag(tags[i]);
-					else
-						toggleview(tags[i]);
-				}
-				return;
+			nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
+			nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
+
+			if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
+			        && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
+				if(!c->isfloating && lt->arrange
+				   && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
+					togglefloating(NULL);
 			}
-		}
-		if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
-			setlayout(NULL);
-	}
-	else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
-		focus(c);
-		if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
-			return;
-		if(ev->button == Button1 && (isfloating() || c->isfloating)) {
-			restack();
-			movemouse(c);
-		}
-		else if(ev->button == Button2)
-			zoom(NULL);
-		else if(ev->button == Button3
-		&& (isfloating() || c->isfloating) && !c->isfixed)
-		{
-			restack();
-			resizemouse(c);
+			if(!lt->arrange || c->isfloating)
+				resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
+			break;
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void
-configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
+void
+restack(void) {
 	Client *c;
-	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
+	XEvent ev;
 	XWindowChanges wc;
 
-	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
-		c->ismax = False;
-		if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
-			c->border = ev->border_width;
-		if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isfloating()) {
-			if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
-				c->x = ev->x;
-			if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
-				c->y = ev->y;
-			if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
-				c->w = ev->width;
-			if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
-				c->h = ev->height;
-			if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
-				c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
-			if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
-				c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
-			if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
-			&& !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
-				configure(c);
-			if(isvisible(c))
-				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
-		}
-		else
-			configure(c);
-	}
-	else {
-		wc.x = ev->x;
-		wc.y = ev->y;
-		wc.width = ev->width;
-		wc.height = ev->height;
-		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
-		wc.sibling = ev->above;
-		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
-		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
-	}
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-}
-
-static void
-configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
-	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
-
-	if (ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
-		sw = ev->width;
-		sh = ev->height;
-		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
-		dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
-		XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
-		updatebarpos();
-		arrange();
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
-	Client *c;
-	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
-
-	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
-		unmanage(c);
-}
-
-static void
-enternotify(XEvent *e) {
-	Client *c;
-	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
-
-	if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
+	drawbar();
+	if(!sel)
 		return;
-	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
-		focus(c);
-	else if(ev->window == root) {
-		selscreen = True;
-		focus(NULL);
+	if(ismax || sel->isfloating || !lt->arrange)
+		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
+	if(!ismax && lt->arrange) {
+		wc.stack_mode = Below;
+		wc.sibling = barwin;
+		for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
+			if(!c->isfloating && !c->isbanned) {
+				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
+				wc.sibling = c->win;
+			}
 	}
+	XSync(dpy, False);
+	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
 }
 
-static void
-expose(XEvent *e) {
-	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
+void
+run(void) {
+	char *p;
+	char sbuf[sizeof stext];
+	fd_set rd;
+	int r, xfd;
+	uint len, offset;
+	XEvent ev;
 
-	if(ev->count == 0) {
-		if(barwin == ev->window)
+	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
+	XSync(dpy, False);
+	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
+	readin = True;
+	offset = 0;
+	len = sizeof stext - 1;
+	sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
+	while(running) {
+		FD_ZERO(&rd);
+		if(readin)
+			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
+		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
+		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
+			if(errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			eprint("select failed\n");
+		}
+		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
+			switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
+			case -1:
+				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
+				readin = False;
+				break;
+			case 0:
+				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
+				readin = False;
+				break;
+			default:
+				for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
+					if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
+						*p = '\0';
+						strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
+						p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
+						for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
+						offset = r;
+						if(r)
+							memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
+						break;
+					}
+				break;
+			}
 			drawbar();
+		}
+		while(XPending(dpy)) {
+			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
+			if(handler[ev.type])
+				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-static void
-keypress(XEvent *e) {
-	KEYS
-	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
-	unsigned int i;
-	KeySym keysym;
-	XKeyEvent *ev = &e->xkey;
+void
+scan(void) {
+	uint i, num;
+	Window *wins, d1, d2;
+	XWindowAttributes wa;
 
-	keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
-	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
-		if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
-		&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
-		{
-			if(keys[i].func)
-				keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
+	wins = NULL;
+	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
+		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
+			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
+				continue;
+			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
+				manage(wins[i], &wa);
+		}
+		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
+			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
+				continue;
+			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
+			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
+				manage(wins[i], &wa);
 		}
-}
-
-static void
-leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
-	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
-
-	if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
-		selscreen = False;
-		focus(NULL);
 	}
+	if(wins)
+		XFree(wins);
 }
 
-static void
-mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
-	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
+void
+setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
+	long data[] = {state, None};
 
-	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
-	if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
-		grabkeys();
+	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
+			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
 }
 
-static void
-maprequest(XEvent *e) {
-	static XWindowAttributes wa;
-	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
+/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
+void
+setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
+	float f;
 
-	if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
+	if(!arg || !lt->arrange)
 		return;
-	if(wa.override_redirect)
+	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
+	if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
 		return;
-	if(!getclient(ev->window))
-		manage(ev->window, &wa);
+	mfact = f;
+	arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
-	Client *c;
-	Window trans;
-	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
+void
+setup(void) {
+	uint i;
+	int w;
+	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
 
-	if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
-		return; /* ignore */
-	if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
-		switch (ev->atom) {
-			default: break;
-			case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
-				XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
-				if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
-					arrange();
-				break;
-			case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
-				updatesizehints(c);
-				break;
-		}
-		if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
-			updatetitle(c);
-			if(c == sel)
-				drawbar();
-		}
-	}
-}
+	/* init screen */
+	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
+	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
+	initfont(FONT);
+	sx = 0;
+	sy = 0;
+	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
+	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
+	bh = dc.font.height + 2;
+	lt = layouts;
+	updategeom();
 
-static void
-unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
-	Client *c;
-	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
+	/* init atoms */
+	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
+	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
+	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
+	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
+	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
+	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
 
-	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
-		unmanage(c);
-}
+	/* init cursors */
+	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
+	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
+	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
 
-static void
-grabkeys(void) {
-	KEYS
-	unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
-	unsigned int i;
-	KeyCode code;
+	/* init appearance */
+	dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
+	dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
+	dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
+	dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
+	dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
+	dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
+	initfont(FONT);
+	dc.h = bh;
+	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
+	dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
+	XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
+	if(!dc.font.set)
+		XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
 
-	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
-	for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-		code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
-		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
-		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
-		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
-		XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
-				GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
+	/* init bar */
+	for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
+		w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
+		blw = MAX(blw, w);
 	}
-}
 
-static unsigned int
-idxoftag(const char *tag) {
-	unsigned int i;
+	wa.override_redirect = 1;
+	wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
+	wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
 
-	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-		if(tags[i] == tag)
-			return i;
-	return 0;
-}
+	barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
+			CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
+			CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
+	XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
+	XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
+	strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
+	drawbar();
 
-static void
-floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
-	Client *c;
+	/* EWMH support per view */
+	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
+			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
 
-	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
-		if(isvisible(c))
-			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
-}
+	/* select for events */
+	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
+			|EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
+	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
+	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
 
-static void
-applyrules(Client *c) {
-	static char buf[512];
-	unsigned int i, j;
-	regmatch_t tmp;
-	Bool matched = False;
-	XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 
-	/* rule matching */
-	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
-	snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
-			ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
-			ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
-	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
-		if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
-			c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
-			for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
-				if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
-					matched = True;
-					c->tags[j] = True;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	if(ch.res_class)
-		XFree(ch.res_class);
-	if(ch.res_name)
-		XFree(ch.res_name);
-	if(!matched)
-		for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-			c->tags[i] = seltags[i];
+	/* grab keys */
+	grabkeys();
 }
 
-static void
-compileregs(void) {
-	unsigned int i;
-	regex_t *reg;
-
-	if(regs)
-		return;
-	nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
-	regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
-	for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
-		if(rules[i].prop) {
-			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
-			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
-				free(reg);
-			else
-				regs[i].propregex = reg;
-		}
-		if(rules[i].tags) {
-			reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
-			if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
-				free(reg);
-			else
-				regs[i].tagregex = reg;
+void
+spawn(const Arg *arg) {
+	/* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
+	 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
+	if(fork() == 0) {
+		if(fork() == 0) {
+			if(dpy)
+				close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
+			setsid();
+			execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
+			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
+			perror(" failed");
 		}
+		exit(0);
 	}
+	wait(0);
 }
 
-static void
-focusnext(const char *arg) {
-	Client *c;
-
-	if(!sel)
-		return;
-	for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
-	if(!c)
-		for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
-	if(c) {
-		focus(c);
-		restack();
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-focusprev(const char *arg) {
-	Client *c;
-
-	if(!sel)
-		return;
-	for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
-	if(!c) {
-		for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
-		for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
-	}
-	if(c) {
-		focus(c);
-		restack();
+void
+tag(const Arg *arg) {
+	if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
+		sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
+		arrange();
 	}
 }
 
-static void
-initlayouts(void) {
-	unsigned int i, w;
+int
+textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
+	XRectangle r;
 
-	nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
-	for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
-		w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
-		if(w > blw)
-			blw = w;
+	if(dc.font.set) {
+		XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
+		return r.width;
 	}
+	return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
 }
 
-static Bool
-isfloating(void) {
-	return layouts[ltidx].arrange == floating;
-}
-
-static Bool
-isvisible(Client *c) {
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-		if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
-			return True;
-	return False;
-}
-
-static void
-restack(void) {
+void
+tile(void) {
+	int x, y, h, w, mw;
+	uint i, n;
 	Client *c;
-	XEvent ev;
-	XWindowChanges wc;
 
-	drawbar();
-	if(!sel)
+	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
+	if(n == 0)
 		return;
-	if(sel->isfloating || isfloating())
-		XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
-	if(!isfloating()) {
-		wc.stack_mode = Below;
-		wc.sibling = barwin;
-		if(!sel->isfloating) {
-			XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
-			wc.sibling = sel->win;
-		}
-		for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
-			if(c == sel)
-				continue;
-			XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
-			wc.sibling = c->win;
-		}
-	}
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
-}
 
-static void
-setlayout(const char *arg) {
-	unsigned int i;
+	/* master */
+	c = nexttiled(clients);
+	mw = mfact * ww;
+	resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 
-	if(!arg) {
-		if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
-			ltidx = 0;;
-	}
-	else {
-		for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
-			if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
-				break;
-		if(i == nlayouts)
-			return;
-		ltidx = i;
+	if(--n == 0)
+		return;
+
+	/* tile stack */
+	x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
+	y = wy;
+	w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
+	h = wh / n;
+	if(h < bh)
+		h = wh;
+
+	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
+		resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
+		       ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
+		if(h != wh)
+			y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
 	}
-	if(sel)
-		arrange();
-	else
-		drawbar();
 }
 
-static void
-tag(const char *arg) {
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	if(!sel)
-		return;
-	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-		sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
-	i = idxoftag(arg);
-	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
-		sel->tags[i] = True;
+void
+togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
+	showbar = !showbar;
+	updategeom();
+	updatebar();
 	arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-togglefloating(const char *arg) {
+void
+togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
 	if(!sel)
 		return;
-	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
+	sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
 	if(sel->isfloating)
 		resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
 	arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-togglemax(const char *arg) {
-	XEvent ev;
-
-	if(!sel || (!isfloating() && !sel->isfloating) || sel->isfixed)
-		return;
-	if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
-		sel->rx = sel->x;
-		sel->ry = sel->y;
-		sel->rw = sel->w;
-		sel->rh = sel->h;
-		resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
-	}
+void
+togglelayout(const Arg *arg) {
+	if(arg && arg->v)
+		lt = (Layout *)arg->v;
+	else if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
+		lt = &layouts[0];
+	if(sel)
+		arrange();
 	else
-		resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
-	drawbar();
-	while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
+		drawbar();
 }
 
-static void
-toggletag(const char *arg) {
-	unsigned int i, j;
-
-	if(!sel)
-		return;
-	i = idxoftag(arg);
-	sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
-	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
-	if(j == ntags)
-		sel->tags[i] = True;
+void
+togglemax(const Arg *arg) {
+	ismax = !ismax;
 	arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-toggleview(const char *arg) {
-	unsigned int i, j;
-
-	i = idxoftag(arg);
-	seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
-	for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
-	if(j == ntags)
-		seltags[i] = True; /* cannot toggle last view */
-	arrange();
+void
+toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
+	if(sel && (sel->tags ^= (arg->ui & TAGMASK)))
+		arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-view(const char *arg) {
-	unsigned int i;
-
-	for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
-		seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
-	i = idxoftag(arg);
-	if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
-		seltags[i] = True;
-	arrange();
+void
+toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
+	if((tagset[seltags] ^= (arg->ui & TAGMASK)))
+		arrange();
 }
 
-static void
-cleanup(void) {
-	close(STDIN_FILENO);
-	while(stack) {
-		unban(stack);
-		unmanage(stack);
-	}
-	if(dc.font.set)
-		XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
-	else
-		XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
-	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
-	XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
-	XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
-	XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
-	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
-	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
-	XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
-	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
+void
+unmanage(Client *c) {
+	XWindowChanges wc;
+
+	wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
+	/* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
+	XGrabServer(dpy);
+	XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
+	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
+	detach(c);
+	detachstack(c);
+	if(sel == c)
+		focus(NULL);
+	XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
+	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
+	free(c);
 	XSync(dpy, False);
-	free(seltags);
+	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
+	XUngrabServer(dpy);
+	arrange();
 }
 
-static long
-getstate(Window w) {
-	int format, status;
-	long result = -1;
-	unsigned char *p = NULL;
-	unsigned long n, extra;
-	Atom real;
+void
+unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
+	Client *c;
+	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
 
-	status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
-			&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
-	if(status != Success)
-		return -1;
-	if(n != 0)
-		result = *p;
-	XFree(p);
-	return result;
+	if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
+		unmanage(c);
 }
 
-static void
-scan(void) {
-	unsigned int i, num;
-	Window *wins, d1, d2;
-	XWindowAttributes wa;
-
-	wins = NULL;
-	if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
-		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
-			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
-			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
-				continue;
-			if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
-				manage(wins[i], &wa);
-		}
-		for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
-			if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
-				continue;
-			if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
-			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
-				manage(wins[i], &wa);
-		}
+void
+updatebar(void) {
+	if(dc.drawable != 0)
+		XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
+	dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
+	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
+}
+
+void
+updategeom(void) {
+#ifdef XINERAMA
+	int i;
+	XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
+
+	/* window area geometry */
+	if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
+		info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
+		wx = info[0].x_org;
+		wy = showbar && topbar ? info[0].y_org + bh : info[0].y_org;
+		ww = info[0].width;
+		wh = showbar ? info[0].height - bh : info[0].height;
+		XFree(info);
 	}
-	if(wins)
-		XFree(wins);
+	else
+#endif
+	{
+		wx = sx;
+		wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
+		ww = sw;
+		wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
+	}
+
+	/* bar position */
+	by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
 }
 
-static void
-setup(void) {
-	int i, j;
-	unsigned int mask;
-	Window w;
-	XModifierKeymap *modmap;
-	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
+void
+updatesizehints(Client *c) {
+	long msize;
+	XSizeHints size;
 
-	/* init atoms */
-	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
-	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
-	wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
-	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
-	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
-	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
-	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
-			PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
-	/* init cursors */
-	cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
-	cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
-	cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
-	/* init modifier map */
-	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
-	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
-		for (j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
-			if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
-					== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
-				numlockmask = (1 << i);
-		}
-	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
-	/* select for events */
-	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
-		| EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
-	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
-	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
-	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
-	grabkeys();
-	compileregs();
-	for(ntags = 0; tags[ntags]; ntags++);
-	seltags = emallocz(sizeof(Bool) * ntags);
-	seltags[0] = True;
-	/* geometry */
-	sx = sy = 0;
-	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
-	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
-	initstyle();
-	initlayouts();
-	initbar();
-	/* multihead support */
-	selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &i, &i, &i, &i, &mask);
+	XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
+	if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
+		c->basew = size.base_width;
+		c->baseh = size.base_height;
+	}
+	else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
+		c->basew = size.min_width;
+		c->baseh = size.min_height;
+	}
+	else
+		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
+	if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
+		c->incw = size.width_inc;
+		c->inch = size.height_inc;
+	}
+	else
+		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
+	if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
+		c->maxw = size.max_width;
+		c->maxh = size.max_height;
+	}
+	else
+		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
+	if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
+		c->minw = size.min_width;
+		c->minh = size.min_height;
+	}
+	else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
+		c->minw = size.base_width;
+		c->minh = size.base_height;
+	}
+	else
+		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
+	if(size.flags & PAspect) {
+		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
+		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
+	}
+	else
+		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
+	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
+			&& c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
 }
 
-/*
- * Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
- * is already running.
- */
-static int
-xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
-	otherwm = True;
-	return -1;
+void
+updatetitle(Client *c) {
+	if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
+		gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
 }
 
-static Bool
-gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
-	char **list = NULL;
-	int n;
-	XTextProperty name;
+void
+updatewmhints(Client *c) {
+	XWMHints *wmh;
 
-	if(!text || size == 0)
-		return False;
-	text[0] = '\0';
-	XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
-	if(!name.nitems)
-		return False;
-	if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
-		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
-	else {
-		if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
-		&& n > 0 && *list)
-		{
-			strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
-			XFreeStringList(list);
-		}
+	if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
+		if(c == sel)
+			sel->isurgent = False;
+		else
+			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
+		XFree(wmh);
 	}
-	text[size - 1] = '\0';
-	XFree(name.value);
-	return True;
 }
 
-static void
-quit(const char *arg) {
-	readin = running = False;
+void
+view(const Arg *arg) {
+	seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
+	if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK))
+		tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
+	arrange();
 }
 
 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
- * default error handler, which may call exit.
- */
-static int
+ * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
+int
 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
 	if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
@@ -1616,153 +1659,36 @@ xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
+	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
 	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
 		return 0;
 	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
-		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
+			ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
 	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
 }
 
-static void
-arrange(void) {
-	Client *c;
-
-	for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
-		if(isvisible(c))
-			unban(c);
-		else
-			ban(c);
-	layouts[ltidx].arrange();
-	focus(NULL);
-	restack();
-}
-
-static void
-attach(Client *c) {
-	if(clients)
-		clients->prev = c;
-	c->next = clients;
-	clients = c;
-}
-
-static void
-detach(Client *c) {
-	if(c->prev)
-		c->prev->next = c->next;
-	if(c->next)
-		c->next->prev = c->prev;
-	if(c == clients)
-		clients = c->next;
-	c->next = c->prev = NULL;
-}
-
-static void
-focus(Client *c) {
-	if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
-		for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
-	if(sel && sel != c) {
-		grabbuttons(sel, False);
-		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
-	}
-	if(c) {
-		detachstack(c);
-		attachstack(c);
-		grabbuttons(c, True);
-	}
-	sel = c;
-	drawbar();
-	if(!selscreen)
-		return;
-	if(c) {
-		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
-		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
-	}
-	else
-		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
-}
-
-static Bool
-isarrange(void (*func)())
-{
-	return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
-}
-
-static Client *
-nexttiled(Client *c) {
-	for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
-	return c;
-}
-
-static void
-setmwfact(const char *arg) {
-	double delta;
-
-	if(!isarrange(tile))
-		return;
-	/* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
-	if(arg == NULL)
-		mwfact = MWFACT;
-	else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
-		if(arg[0] != '+' && arg[0] != '-')
-			mwfact = delta;
-		else
-			mwfact += delta;
-		if(mwfact < 0.1)
-			mwfact = 0.1;
-		else if(mwfact > 0.9)
-			mwfact = 0.9;
-	}
-	arrange();
+int
+xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
+	return 0;
 }
 
-static void
-tile(void) {
-	unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
-	Client *c;
-
-	for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
-		n++;
-
-	/* window geoms */
-	mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
-	th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
-	if(n > 1 && th < bh)
-		th = wah;
-
-	nx = wax;
-	ny = way;
-	for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
-		c->ismax = False;
-		if(i == 0) { /* master */
-			nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
-			nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
-		}
-		else {  /* tile window */
-			if(i == 1) {
-				ny = way;
-				nx += mw;
-			}
-			nw = waw - mw - 2 * c->border;
-			if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
-				nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
-			else
-				nh = th - 2 * c->border;
-		}
-		resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
-		if(n > 1 && th != wah)
-			ny += nh + 2 * c->border;
-	}
+/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
+ * is already running. */
+int
+xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
+	otherwm = True;
+	return -1;
 }
 
-static void
-zoom(const char *arg) {
-	Client *c;
+void
+zoom(const Arg *arg) {
+	Client *c = sel;
 
-	if(!sel || !isarrange(tile) || sel->isfloating)
+	if(ismax || !lt->arrange || (sel && sel->isfloating))
 		return;
-	if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
-		if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
+	if(c == nexttiled(clients))
+		if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
 			return;
 	detach(c);
 	attach(c);
@@ -1772,76 +1698,21 @@ zoom(const char *arg) {
 
 int
 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-	char *p;
-	int r, xfd;
-	fd_set rd;
-	XEvent ev;
-
 	if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
-		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
+		eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
 	else if(argc != 1)
 		eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
+
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 	if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
 		eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
-	xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
-	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
-	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
-	otherwm = False;
-	XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
-	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
-	XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	if(otherwm)
-		eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
-	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
-	XSync(dpy, False);
+	checkotherwm();
 	setup();
-	drawbar();
 	scan();
-
-	/* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
-	XSync(dpy, False);
-	readin = True;
-	while(running) {
-		FD_ZERO(&rd);
-		if(readin)
-			FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
-		FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
-		if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
-			if(errno == EINTR)
-				continue;
-			eprint("select failed\n");
-		}
-		if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
-			switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
-			case -1:
-				strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
-				stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
-				readin = False;
-				break;
-			case 0:
-				strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
-				readin = False;
-				break;
-			default:
-				for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
-				for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
-				if(p > stext)
-					strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
-			}
-			drawbar();
-		}
-		while(XPending(dpy)) {
-			XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
-			if(handler[ev.type])
-				(handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
-		}
-	}
+	run();
 	cleanup();
+
 	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
 	return 0;
 }