dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20  * client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42 #ifdef XINERAMA
  43 #include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44 #endif
  45
  46 /* macros */
  47 #define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48 #define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49 #define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50 #define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51 #define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52 #define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53 #define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54 #define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55 #define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56 #define ISVISIBLE(x)    (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58 /* enums */
  59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63 enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64        ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66 /* typedefs */
  67 typedef unsigned int uint;
  68 typedef unsigned long ulong;
  69
  70 typedef union {
  71         int i;
  72         uint ui;
  73         float f;
  74         void *v;
  75 } Arg;
  76
  77 typedef struct {
  78         uint click;
  79         uint mask;
  80         uint button;
  81         void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  82         const Arg arg;
  83 } Button;
  84
  85 typedef struct Client Client;
  86 struct Client {
  87         char name[256];
  88         float mina, maxa;
  89         int x, y, w, h;
  90         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  91         int bw, oldbw;
  92         uint tags;
  93         Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  94         Client *next;
  95         Client *snext;
  96         Window win;
  97 };
  98
  99 typedef struct {
 100         int x, y, w, h;
 101         ulong norm[ColLast];
 102         ulong sel[ColLast];
 103         Drawable drawable;
 104         GC gc;
 105         struct {
 106                 int ascent;
 107                 int descent;
 108                 int height;
 109                 XFontSet set;
 110                 XFontStruct *xfont;
 111         } font;
 112 } DC; /* draw context */
 113
 114 typedef struct {
 115         uint mod;
 116         KeySym keysym;
 117         void (*func)(const Arg *);
 118         const Arg arg;
 119 } Key;
 120
 121 typedef struct {
 122         const char *symbol;
 123         void (*arrange)(void);
 124 } Layout;
 125
 126 typedef struct {
 127         const char *class;
 128         const char *instance;
 129         const char *title;
 130         uint tags;
 131         Bool isfloating;
 132 } Rule;
 133
 134 /* function declarations */
 135 static void applyrules(Client *c);
 136 static void arrange(void);
 137 static void attach(Client *c);
 138 static void attachstack(Client *c);
 139 static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 140 static void checkotherwm(void);
 141 static void cleanup(void);
 142 static void configure(Client *c);
 143 static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 144 static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 145 static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 146 static void detach(Client *c);
 147 static void detachstack(Client *c);
 148 static void drawbar(void);
 149 static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 150 static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 151 static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 152 static void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 153 static void expose(XEvent *e);
 154 static void focus(Client *c);
 155 static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 156 static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 157 static Client *getclient(Window w);
 158 static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 159 static long getstate(Window w);
 160 static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 161 static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 162 static void grabkeys(void);
 163 static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 164 static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 165 static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 166 static Bool isurgent(uint t);
 167 static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 168 static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 169 static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 170 static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 171 static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 172 static void monocle(void);
 173 static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 174 static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 175 static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 176 static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 177 static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 178 static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 179 static void restack(void);
 180 static void run(void);
 181 static void scan(void);
 182 static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 183 static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 184 static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 185 static void setup(void);
 186 static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 187 static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 188 static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 189 static void tile(void);
 190 static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 191 static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 192 static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 193 static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 194 static void unmanage(Client *c);
 195 static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 196 static void updatebar(void);
 197 static void updategeom(void);
 198 static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 199 static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 200 static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 201 static void view(const Arg *arg);
 202 static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 203 static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 204 static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205 static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 206
 207 /* variables */
 208 static char stext[256];
 209 static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 210 static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 211 static uint seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 212 static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 213 static uint numlockmask = 0;
 214 static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 215         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 216         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 217         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 218         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 219         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 220         [Expose] = expose,
 221         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 222         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 223         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 224         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 225         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 226         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 227 };
 228 static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 229 static Bool otherwm, readin;
 230 static Bool running = True;
 231 static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 232 static Client *clients = NULL;
 233 static Client *sel = NULL;
 234 static Client *stack = NULL;
 235 static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 236 static Display *dpy;
 237 static DC dc = {0};
 238 static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 239 static Window root, barwin;
 240 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 241 #include "config.h"
 242
 243 /* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 244 struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 245
 246 /* function implementations */
 247 void
 248 applyrules(Client *c) {
 249         uint i;
 250         Rule *r;
 251         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 252
 253         /* rule matching */
 254         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 255         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 256                 r = &rules[i];
 257                 if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 258                 && (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 259                 && (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 260                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 261                         c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 262                 }
 263         }
 264         if(ch.res_class)
 265                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 266         if(ch.res_name)
 267                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 268         if(!c->tags)
 269                 c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 270 }
 271
 272 void
 273 arrange(void) {
 274         Client *c;
 275
 276         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 277                 if(ISVISIBLE(c)) {
 278                         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
 279                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 280                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 281                 }
 282                 else {
 283                         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 284                 }
 285
 286         focus(NULL);
 287         if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 288                 lt[sellt]->arrange();
 289         restack();
 290 }
 291
 292 void
 293 attach(Client *c) {
 294         c->next = clients;
 295         clients = c;
 296 }
 297
 298 void
 299 attachstack(Client *c) {
 300         c->snext = stack;
 301         stack = c;
 302 }
 303
 304 void
 305 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 306         uint i, x, click;
 307         Arg arg = {0};
 308         Client *c;
 309         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 310
 311         click = ClkRootWin;
 312         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 313                 for(i = x = 0; ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 314                         x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 315                 if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 316                         click = ClkTagBar;
 317                         arg.ui = 1 << i;
 318                 }
 319                 else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 320                         click = ClkLtSymbol;
 321                 else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 322                         click = ClkStatusText;
 323                 else
 324                         click = ClkWinTitle;
 325         }
 326         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 327                 focus(c);
 328                 click = ClkClientWin;
 329         }
 330
 331         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 332                 if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 333                    && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 334                         buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 335 }
 336
 337 void
 338 checkotherwm(void) {
 339         otherwm = False;
 340         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 341
 342         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 343         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 344         XSync(dpy, False);
 345         if(otherwm)
 346                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 347         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 348         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 349         XSync(dpy, False);
 350 }
 351
 352 void
 353 cleanup(void) {
 354         Arg a = {.i = ~0};
 355         Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 356
 357         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 358         view(&a);
 359         lt[sellt] = &foo;
 360         while(stack)
 361                 unmanage(stack);
 362         if(dc.font.set)
 363                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 364         else
 365                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 366         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 367         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 368         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 369         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 370         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 371         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 372         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 373         XSync(dpy, False);
 374         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 375 }
 376
 377 void
 378 configure(Client *c) {
 379         XConfigureEvent ce;
 380
 381         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 382         ce.display = dpy;
 383         ce.event = c->win;
 384         ce.window = c->win;
 385         ce.x = c->x;
 386         ce.y = c->y;
 387         ce.width = c->w;
 388         ce.height = c->h;
 389         ce.border_width = c->bw;
 390         ce.above = None;
 391         ce.override_redirect = False;
 392         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 393 }
 394
 395 void
 396 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 397         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 398
 399         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 400                 sw = ev->width;
 401                 sh = ev->height;
 402                 updategeom();
 403                 updatebar();
 404                 arrange();
 405         }
 406 }
 407
 408 void
 409 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 410         Client *c;
 411         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 412         XWindowChanges wc;
 413
 414         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 415                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 416                         c->bw = ev->border_width;
 417                 else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 418                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 419                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 420                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 421                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 422                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 423                                 c->w = ev->width;
 424                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 425                                 c->h = ev->height;
 426                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 427                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 428                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 429                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 430                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 431                                 configure(c);
 432                         if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 433                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 434                 }
 435                 else
 436                         configure(c);
 437         }
 438         else {
 439                 wc.x = ev->x;
 440                 wc.y = ev->y;
 441                 wc.width = ev->width;
 442                 wc.height = ev->height;
 443                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 444                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 445                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 446                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 447         }
 448         XSync(dpy, False);
 449 }
 450
 451 void
 452 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 453         Client *c;
 454         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 455
 456         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 457                 unmanage(c);
 458 }
 459
 460 void
 461 detach(Client *c) {
 462         Client *i;
 463
 464         if (c != clients) {
 465                 for(i = clients; i->next != c; i = i->next);
 466                 i->next = c->next;
 467         }
 468         else {
 469                 clients = c->next;
 470         }
 471         c->next =  NULL;
 472 }
 473
 474 void
 475 detachstack(Client *c) {
 476         Client **tc;
 477
 478         for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 479         *tc = c->snext;
 480 }
 481
 482 void
 483 drawbar(void) {
 484         int i, x;
 485
 486         dc.x = 0;
 487         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 488                 dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 489                 if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 490                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 491                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 492                 }
 493                 else {
 494                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 495                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 496                 }
 497                 dc.x += dc.w;
 498         }
 499         if(blw > 0) {
 500                 dc.w = blw;
 501                 drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 502                 x = dc.x + dc.w;
 503         }
 504         else
 505                 x = dc.x;
 506         dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 507         dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 508         if(dc.x < x) {
 509                 dc.x = x;
 510                 dc.w = ww - x;
 511         }
 512         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 513         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 514                 dc.x = x;
 515                 if(sel) {
 516                         drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 517                         drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 518                 }
 519                 else
 520                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 521         }
 522         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 523         XSync(dpy, False);
 524 }
 525
 526 void
 527 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 528         int x;
 529         XGCValues gcv;
 530         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 531
 532         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 533         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 534         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 535         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 536         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 537         if(filled) {
 538                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 539                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 540         }
 541         else if(empty) {
 542                 r.width = r.height = x;
 543                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 544         }
 545 }
 546
 547 void
 548 drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 549         int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 550         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 551         char buf[256];
 552
 553         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 554         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 555         if(!text)
 556                 return;
 557         olen = strlen(text);
 558         len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 559         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 560         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 561         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 562         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 563         /* shorten text if necessary */
 564         for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 565         if(!len)
 566                 return;
 567         if(len < olen)
 568                 for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 569         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 570         if(dc.font.set)
 571                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 572         else
 573                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 574 }
 575
 576 void
 577 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 578         Client *c;
 579         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 580
 581         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 582                 return;
 583         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 584                 focus(c);
 585         else
 586                 focus(NULL);
 587 }
 588
 589 void
 590 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 591         va_list ap;
 592
 593         va_start(ap, errstr);
 594         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 595         va_end(ap);
 596         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 597 }
 598
 599 void
 600 expose(XEvent *e) {
 601         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 602
 603         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 604                 drawbar();
 605 }
 606
 607 void
 608 focus(Client *c) {
 609         if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 610                 for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 611         if(sel && sel != c) {
 612                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 613                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 614         }
 615         if(c) {
 616                 detachstack(c);
 617                 attachstack(c);
 618                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 619                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 620                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 621         }
 622         else
 623                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 624         sel = c;
 625         drawbar();
 626 }
 627
 628 void
 629 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 630         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 631
 632         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 633                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 634 }
 635
 636 void
 637 focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 638         Client *c = NULL, *i;
 639
 640         if(!sel)
 641                 return;
 642         if (arg->i > 0) {
 643                 for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 644                 if(!c)
 645                         for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 646         }
 647         else {
 648                 for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 649                         if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 650                                 c = i;
 651                 if(!c)
 652                         for(; i; i = i->next)
 653                                 if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 654                                         c = i;
 655         }
 656         if(c) {
 657                 focus(c);
 658                 restack();
 659         }
 660 }
 661
 662 Client *
 663 getclient(Window w) {
 664         Client *c;
 665
 666         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 667         return c;
 668 }
 669
 670 ulong
 671 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 672         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 673         XColor color;
 674
 675         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 676                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 677         return color.pixel;
 678 }
 679
 680 long
 681 getstate(Window w) {
 682         int format, status;
 683         long result = -1;
 684         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 685         ulong n, extra;
 686         Atom real;
 687
 688         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 689                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 690         if(status != Success)
 691                 return -1;
 692         if(n != 0)
 693                 result = *p;
 694         XFree(p);
 695         return result;
 696 }
 697
 698 Bool
 699 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 700         char **list = NULL;
 701         int n;
 702         XTextProperty name;
 703
 704         if(!text || size == 0)
 705                 return False;
 706         text[0] = '\0';
 707         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 708         if(!name.nitems)
 709                 return False;
 710         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 711                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 712         else {
 713                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 714                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 715                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 716                         XFreeStringList(list);
 717                 }
 718         }
 719         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 720         XFree(name.value);
 721         return True;
 722 }
 723
 724 void
 725 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 726         int i, j;
 727         uint buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 728         uint modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask };
 729
 730         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 731         if(focused)
 732                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 733                         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 734                                 XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 735                                         BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 736         else
 737                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 738                         BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 739 }
 740
 741 void
 742 grabkeys(void) {
 743         uint i, j;
 744         KeyCode code;
 745         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 746
 747         /* init modifier map */
 748         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 749         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 750                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 751                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 752                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 753                 }
 754         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 755
 756         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 757         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 758                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 759                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 760                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 761                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 762                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 763                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 764                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 765                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 766                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 767         }
 768 }
 769
 770 void
 771 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 772         char *def, **missing;
 773         int i, n;
 774
 775         missing = NULL;
 776         if(dc.font.set)
 777                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 778         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 779         if(missing) {
 780                 while(n--)
 781                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 782                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 783         }
 784         if(dc.font.set) {
 785                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 786                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 787                 char **font_names;
 788                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 789                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 790                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 791                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 792                         dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 793                         dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 794                         xfonts++;
 795                 }
 796         }
 797         else {
 798                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 799                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 800                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 801                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 802                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 803                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 804                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 805                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 806         }
 807         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 808 }
 809
 810 Bool
 811 isoccupied(uint t) {
 812         Client *c;
 813
 814         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 815                 if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 816                         return True;
 817         return False;
 818 }
 819
 820 Bool
 821 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 822         int i, n;
 823         Atom *protocols;
 824         Bool ret = False;
 825
 826         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 827                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 828                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 829                                 ret = True;
 830                 XFree(protocols);
 831         }
 832         return ret;
 833 }
 834
 835 Bool
 836 isurgent(uint t) {
 837         Client *c;
 838
 839         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 840                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 841                         return True;
 842         return False;
 843 }
 844
 845 void
 846 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 847         uint i;
 848         KeySym keysym;
 849         XKeyEvent *ev;
 850
 851         ev = &e->xkey;
 852         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 853         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 854                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 855                    && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 856                    && keys[i].func)
 857                         keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 858 }
 859
 860 void
 861 killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 862         XEvent ev;
 863
 864         if(!sel)
 865                 return;
 866         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 867                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 868                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 869                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 870                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 871                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 872                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 873                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 874         }
 875         else
 876                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 877 }
 878
 879 void
 880 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 881         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 882         Status rettrans;
 883         Window trans;
 884         XWindowChanges wc;
 885
 886         if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 887                 eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 888         c->win = w;
 889
 890         /* geometry */
 891         c->x = wa->x;
 892         c->y = wa->y;
 893         c->w = wa->width;
 894         c->h = wa->height;
 895         c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 896         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 897                 c->x = sx;
 898                 c->y = sy;
 899                 c->bw = wa->border_width;
 900         }
 901         else {
 902                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 903                         c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 904                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 905                         c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 906                 c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 907                 /* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 908                 c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 909                 c->bw = borderpx;
 910         }
 911
 912         wc.border_width = c->bw;
 913         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 914         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 915         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 916         updatesizehints(c);
 917         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 918         grabbuttons(c, False);
 919         updatetitle(c);
 920         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 921                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 922         if(t)
 923                 c->tags = t->tags;
 924         else
 925                 applyrules(c);
 926         if(!c->isfloating)
 927                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 928         if(c->isfloating)
 929                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 930         attach(c);
 931         attachstack(c);
 932         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 933         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 934         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 935         arrange();
 936 }
 937
 938 void
 939 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 940         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 941
 942         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 943         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 944                 grabkeys();
 945 }
 946
 947 void
 948 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 949         static XWindowAttributes wa;
 950         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 951
 952         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 953                 return;
 954         if(wa.override_redirect)
 955                 return;
 956         if(!getclient(ev->window))
 957                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
 958 }
 959
 960 void
 961 monocle(void) {
 962         Client *c;
 963
 964         for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 965                 resize(c, wx, wy, ww, wh, resizehints);
 966 }
 967
 968 void
 969 movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 970         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 971         uint dui;
 972         Client *c;
 973         Window dummy;
 974         XEvent ev;
 975
 976         if(!(c = sel))
 977                 return;
 978         restack();
 979         ocx = nx = c->x;
 980         ocy = ny = c->y;
 981         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 982         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 983                 return;
 984         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 985         for(;;) {
 986                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 987                 switch (ev.type) {
 988                 case ButtonRelease:
 989                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 990                         return;
 991                 case ConfigureRequest:
 992                 case Expose:
 993                 case MapRequest:
 994                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
 995                         break;
 996                 case MotionNotify:
 997                         XSync(dpy, False);
 998                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
 999                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1000                         if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1001                                 && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1002                                 if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1003                                         nx = wx;
1004                                 else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1005                                         nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1006                                 if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1007                                         ny = wy;
1008                                 else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1009                                         ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1010                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1011                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1012                         }
1013                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1014                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1015                         break;
1016                 }
1017         }
1018 }
1019
1020 Client *
1021 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1022         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1023         return c;
1024 }
1025
1026 void
1027 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1028         Client *c;
1029         Window trans;
1030         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1031
1032         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1033                 return; /* ignore */
1034         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1035                 switch (ev->atom) {
1036                 default: break;
1037                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1038                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1039                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1040                                 arrange();
1041                         break;
1042                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1043                         updatesizehints(c);
1044                         break;
1045                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1046                         updatewmhints(c);
1047                         drawbar();
1048                         break;
1049                 }
1050                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1051                         updatetitle(c);
1052                         if(c == sel)
1053                                 drawbar();
1054                 }
1055         }
1056 }
1057
1058 void
1059 quit(const Arg *arg) {
1060         readin = running = False;
1061 }
1062
1063 void
1064 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1065         XWindowChanges wc;
1066
1067         if(sizehints) {
1068                 /* set minimum possible */
1069                 w = MAX(1, w);
1070                 h = MAX(1, h);
1071
1072                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1073                 w -= c->basew;
1074                 h -= c->baseh;
1075
1076                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1077                 if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1078                         if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
1079                                 w = h * c->maxa;
1080                         else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
1081                                 h = w * c->mina;
1082                 }
1083
1084                 /* adjust for increment value */
1085                 if(c->incw)
1086                         w -= w % c->incw;
1087                 if(c->inch)
1088                         h -= h % c->inch;
1089
1090                 /* restore base dimensions */
1091                 w += c->basew;
1092                 h += c->baseh;
1093
1094                 w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1095                 h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1096
1097                 if(c->maxw)
1098                         w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1099
1100                 if(c->maxh)
1101                         h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1102         }
1103         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1104                 return;
1105         if(x > sx + sw)
1106                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1107         if(y > sy + sh)
1108                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1109         if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1110                 x = sx;
1111         if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1112                 y = sy;
1113         if(h < bh)
1114                 h = bh;
1115         if(w < bh)
1116                 w = bh;
1117         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1118                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1119                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1120                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1121                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1122                 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1123                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1124                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1125                 configure(c);
1126                 XSync(dpy, False);
1127         }
1128 }
1129
1130 void
1131 resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1132         int ocx, ocy;
1133         int nw, nh;
1134         Client *c;
1135         XEvent ev;
1136
1137         if(!(c = sel))
1138                 return;
1139         restack();
1140         ocx = c->x;
1141         ocy = c->y;
1142         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1143         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1144                 return;
1145         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1146         for(;;) {
1147                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1148                 switch(ev.type) {
1149                 case ButtonRelease:
1150                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1151                                         c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1152                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1153                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1154                         return;
1155                 case ConfigureRequest:
1156                 case Expose:
1157                 case MapRequest:
1158                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1159                         break;
1160                 case MotionNotify:
1161                         XSync(dpy, False);
1162                         nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1163                         nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1164
1165                         if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1166                                 && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1167                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1168                                    && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1169                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1170                         }
1171                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1172                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1173                         break;
1174                 }
1175         }
1176 }
1177
1178 void
1179 restack(void) {
1180         Client *c;
1181         XEvent ev;
1182         XWindowChanges wc;
1183
1184         drawbar();
1185         if(!sel)
1186                 return;
1187         if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1188                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1189         if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1190                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1191                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1192                 for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1193                         if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1194                                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1195                                 wc.sibling = c->win;
1196                         }
1197         }
1198         XSync(dpy, False);
1199         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1200 }
1201
1202 void
1203 run(void) {
1204         char *p;
1205         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1206         fd_set rd;
1207         int r, xfd;
1208         uint len, offset;
1209         XEvent ev;
1210
1211         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1212         XSync(dpy, False);
1213         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1214         readin = True;
1215         offset = 0;
1216         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1217         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1218         while(running) {
1219                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1220                 if(readin)
1221                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1222                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1223                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1224                         if(errno == EINTR)
1225                                 continue;
1226                         eprint("select failed\n");
1227                 }
1228                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1229                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1230                         case -1:
1231                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1232                                 readin = False;
1233                                 break;
1234                         case 0:
1235                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1236                                 readin = False;
1237                                 break;
1238                         default:
1239                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1240                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1241                                                 *p = '\0';
1242                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1243                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1244                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1245                                                 offset = r;
1246                                                 if(r)
1247                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1248                                                 break;
1249                                         }
1250                                 break;
1251                         }
1252                         drawbar();
1253                 }
1254                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1255                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1256                         if(handler[ev.type])
1257                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1258                 }
1259         }
1260 }
1261
1262 void
1263 scan(void) {
1264         uint i, num;
1265         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1266         XWindowAttributes wa;
1267
1268         wins = NULL;
1269         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1270                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1271                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1272                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1273                                 continue;
1274                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1275                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1276                 }
1277                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1278                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1279                                 continue;
1280                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1281                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1282                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1283                 }
1284         }
1285         if(wins)
1286                 XFree(wins);
1287 }
1288
1289 void
1290 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1291         long data[] = {state, None};
1292
1293         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1294                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1295 }
1296
1297 void
1298 setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1299         if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1300                 sellt ^= 1;
1301         if(arg && arg->v)
1302                 lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1303         if(sel)
1304                 arrange();
1305         else
1306                 drawbar();
1307 }
1308
1309 /* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1310 void
1311 setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1312         float f;
1313
1314         if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1315                 return;
1316         f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1317         if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1318                 return;
1319         mfact = f;
1320         arrange();
1321 }
1322
1323 void
1324 setup(void) {
1325         uint i;
1326         int w;
1327         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1328
1329         /* init screen */
1330         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1331         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1332         initfont(font);
1333         sx = 0;
1334         sy = 0;
1335         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1336         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1337         bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1338         lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1339         lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1340         updategeom();
1341
1342         /* init atoms */
1343         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1344         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1345         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1346         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1347         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1348         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1349
1350         /* init cursors */
1351         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1352         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1353         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1354
1355         /* init appearance */
1356         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1357         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1358         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1359         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1360         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1361         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1362         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1363         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1364         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1365         if(!dc.font.set)
1366                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1367
1368         /* init bar */
1369         for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1370                 w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1371                 blw = MAX(blw, w);
1372         }
1373
1374         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1375         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1376         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1377
1378         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1379                         CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1380                         CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1381         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1382         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1383         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1384         drawbar();
1385
1386         /* EWMH support per view */
1387         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1388                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1389
1390         /* select for events */
1391         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1392                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1393         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1394         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1395
1396
1397         /* grab keys */
1398         grabkeys();
1399 }
1400
1401 void
1402 spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1403         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1404          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1405         if(fork() == 0) {
1406                 if(fork() == 0) {
1407                         if(dpy)
1408                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1409                         setsid();
1410                         execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1411                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1412                         perror(" failed");
1413                 }
1414                 exit(0);
1415         }
1416         wait(0);
1417 }
1418
1419 void
1420 tag(const Arg *arg) {
1421         if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1422                 sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1423                 arrange();
1424         }
1425 }
1426
1427 int
1428 textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1429         XRectangle r;
1430
1431         if(dc.font.set) {
1432                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1433                 return r.width;
1434         }
1435         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1436 }
1437
1438 void
1439 tile(void) {
1440         int x, y, h, w, mw;
1441         uint i, n;
1442         Client *c;
1443
1444         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1445         if(n == 0)
1446                 return;
1447
1448         /* master */
1449         c = nexttiled(clients);
1450         mw = mfact * ww;
1451         resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1452
1453         if(--n == 0)
1454                 return;
1455
1456         /* tile stack */
1457         x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1458         y = wy;
1459         w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1460         h = wh / n;
1461         if(h < bh)
1462                 h = wh;
1463
1464         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1465                 resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1466                        ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1467                 if(h != wh)
1468                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1469         }
1470 }
1471
1472 void
1473 togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1474         showbar = !showbar;
1475         updategeom();
1476         updatebar();
1477         arrange();
1478 }
1479
1480 void
1481 togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1482         if(!sel)
1483                 return;
1484         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1485         if(sel->isfloating)
1486                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1487         arrange();
1488 }
1489
1490 void
1491 toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1492         uint mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1493
1494         if(sel && mask) {
1495                 sel->tags = mask;
1496                 arrange();
1497         }
1498 }
1499
1500 void
1501 toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1502         uint mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1503
1504         if(mask) {
1505                 tagset[seltags] = mask;
1506                 arrange();
1507         }
1508 }
1509
1510 void
1511 unmanage(Client *c) {
1512         XWindowChanges wc;
1513
1514         wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1515         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1516         XGrabServer(dpy);
1517         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1518         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1519         detach(c);
1520         detachstack(c);
1521         if(sel == c)
1522                 focus(NULL);
1523         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1524         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1525         free(c);
1526         XSync(dpy, False);
1527         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1528         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1529         arrange();
1530 }
1531
1532 void
1533 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1534         Client *c;
1535         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1536
1537         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1538                 unmanage(c);
1539 }
1540
1541 void
1542 updatebar(void) {
1543         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1544                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1545         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1546         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1547 }
1548
1549 void
1550 updategeom(void) {
1551 #ifdef XINERAMA
1552         int i;
1553         XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1554
1555         /* window area geometry */
1556         if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1557                 info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1558                 wx = info[xidx].x_org;
1559                 wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[xidx].y_org + bh : info[xidx].y_org;
1560                 ww = info[xidx].width;
1561                 wh = showbar ? info[xidx].height - bh : info[xidx].height;
1562                 XFree(info);
1563         }
1564         else
1565 #endif
1566         {
1567                 wx = sx;
1568                 wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1569                 ww = sw;
1570                 wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1571         }
1572
1573         /* bar position */
1574         by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1575 }
1576
1577 void
1578 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1579         long msize;
1580         XSizeHints size;
1581
1582         XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
1583         if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1584                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1585                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1586         }
1587         else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1588                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1589                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1590         }
1591         else
1592                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1593         if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1594                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1595                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1596         }
1597         else
1598                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1599         if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1600                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1601                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1602         }
1603         else
1604                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1605         if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1606                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1607                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1608         }
1609         else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1610                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1611                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1612         }
1613         else
1614                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1615         if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1616                 c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1617                 c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1618         }
1619         else
1620                 c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1621         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1622                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1623 }
1624
1625 void
1626 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1627         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1628                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1629 }
1630
1631 void
1632 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1633         XWMHints *wmh;
1634
1635         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1636                 if(c == sel)
1637                         sel->isurgent = False;
1638                 else
1639                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1640                 XFree(wmh);
1641         }
1642 }
1643
1644 void
1645 view(const Arg *arg) {
1646         seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1647         if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK))
1648                 tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
1649         arrange();
1650 }
1651
1652 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1653  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1654  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1655 int
1656 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1657         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1658         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1659         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1660         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1661         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1662         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1663         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1664         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1665         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1666                 return 0;
1667         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1668                         ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1669         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1670 }
1671
1672 int
1673 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1674         return 0;
1675 }
1676
1677 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1678  * is already running. */
1679 int
1680 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1681         otherwm = True;
1682         return -1;
1683 }
1684
1685 void
1686 zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1687         Client *c = sel;
1688
1689         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1690                 return;
1691         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1692                 if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1693                         return;
1694         detach(c);
1695         attach(c);
1696         focus(c);
1697         arrange();
1698 }
1699
1700 int
1701 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1702         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1703                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1704         else if(argc != 1)
1705                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1706
1707         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1708         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1709                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1710
1711         checkotherwm();
1712         setup();
1713         scan();
1714         run();
1715         cleanup();
1716
1717         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1718         return 0;
1719 }