dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43 /* macros */
  44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49 #define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \
  50 void GEONAME(void) { \
  51         bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \
  52         wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \
  53         mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \
  54         tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \
  55         mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \
  56 }
  57
  58 /* enums */
  59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64 /* typedefs */
  65 typedef struct Client Client;
  66 struct Client {
  67         char name[256];
  68         int x, y, w, h;
  69         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  70         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  71         long flags;
  72         unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  73         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  74         Bool *tags;
  75         Client *next;
  76         Client *prev;
  77         Client *snext;
  78         Window win;
  79 };
  80
  81 typedef struct {
  82         int x, y, w, h;
  83         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  84         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  85         Drawable drawable;
  86         GC gc;
  87         struct {
  88                 int ascent;
  89                 int descent;
  90                 int height;
  91                 XFontSet set;
  92                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  93         } font;
  94 } DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96 typedef struct {
  97         const char *symbol;
  98         void (*apply)(void);
  99 } Geom;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         unsigned long mod;
 103         KeySym keysym;
 104         void (*func)(const char *arg);
 105         const char *arg;
 106 } Key;
 107
 108 typedef struct {
 109         const char *symbol;
 110         void (*arrange)(void);
 111         Bool isfloating;
 112 } Layout;
 113
 114 typedef struct {
 115         const char *class;
 116         const char *instance;
 117         const char *title;
 118         const char *tag;
 119         Bool isfloating;
 120 } Rule;
 121
 122 /* function declarations */
 123 void applyrules(Client *c);
 124 void arrange(void);
 125 void attach(Client *c);
 126 void attachstack(Client *c);
 127 void ban(Client *c);
 128 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 129 void checkotherwm(void);
 130 void cleanup(void);
 131 void configure(Client *c);
 132 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 133 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 134 unsigned int counttiled(void);
 135 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 136 void detach(Client *c);
 137 void detachstack(Client *c);
 138 void drawbar(void);
 139 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 140 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 141 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 142 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 143 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 144 void expose(XEvent *e);
 145 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 146 void focus(Client *c);
 147 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 148 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 149 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 150 Client *getclient(Window w);
 151 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 152 long getstate(Window w);
 153 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 154 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 155 void grabkeys(void);
 156 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 157 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 158 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 159 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 160 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 161 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 162 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 163 void killclient(const char *arg);
 164 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 165 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 166 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 167 void monocle(void);
 168 void movemouse(Client *c);
 169 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 170 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 171 void quit(const char *arg);
 172 void reapply(const char *arg);
 173 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 174 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 175 void restack(void);
 176 void run(void);
 177 void scan(void);
 178 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179 void setgeom(const char *arg);
 180 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 181 void setmfact(const char *arg);
 182 void setup(void);
 183 void spawn(const char *arg);
 184 void tag(const char *arg);
 185 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 186 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 187 void tileh(void);
 188 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 189 Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 190 void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 191 void tilev(void);
 192 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 193 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 194 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 195 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 196 void unban(Client *c);
 197 void unmanage(Client *c);
 198 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 199 void updatebarpos(void);
 200 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 201 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 202 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 203 void view(const char *arg);
 204 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 205 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 207 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 208 void zoom(const char *arg);
 209
 210 /* variables */
 211 char stext[256], buf[256];
 212 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 213 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 214 int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 215 double mfact;
 216 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 217 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 218         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 219         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 220         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 221         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 222         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 223         [Expose] = expose,
 224         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 225         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 226         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 227         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 228         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 229         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 230 };
 231 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 232 Bool otherwm, readin;
 233 Bool running = True;
 234 Bool *prevtags;
 235 Bool *seltags;
 236 Client *clients = NULL;
 237 Client *sel = NULL;
 238 Client *stack = NULL;
 239 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 240 Display *dpy;
 241 DC dc = {0};
 242 Geom *geom = NULL;
 243 Layout *lt = NULL;
 244 Window root, barwin;
 245
 246 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 247 #include "config.h"
 248 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 249 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 250
 251 /* function implementations */
 252
 253 void
 254 applyrules(Client *c) {
 255         unsigned int i;
 256         Bool matched = False;
 257         Rule *r;
 258         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 259
 260         /* rule matching */
 261         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 262         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 263                 r = &rules[i];
 264                 if((r->title && strstr(c->name, r->title))
 265                 || (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
 266                 || (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
 267                 {
 268                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 269                         if(r->tag) {
 270                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 271                                 matched = True;
 272                         }
 273                 }
 274         }
 275         if(ch.res_class)
 276                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 277         if(ch.res_name)
 278                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 279         if(!matched)
 280                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 281 }
 282
 283 void
 284 arrange(void) {
 285         Client *c;
 286
 287         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 288                 if(isvisible(c))
 289                         unban(c);
 290                 else
 291                         ban(c);
 292
 293         focus(NULL);
 294         lt->arrange();
 295         restack();
 296 }
 297
 298 void
 299 attach(Client *c) {
 300         if(clients)
 301                 clients->prev = c;
 302         c->next = clients;
 303         clients = c;
 304 }
 305
 306 void
 307 attachstack(Client *c) {
 308         c->snext = stack;
 309         stack = c;
 310 }
 311
 312 void
 313 ban(Client *c) {
 314         if(c->isbanned)
 315                 return;
 316         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 317         c->isbanned = True;
 318 }
 319
 320 void
 321 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 322         unsigned int i, x;
 323         Client *c;
 324         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 325
 326         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 327                 if((ev->x < bgw) && ev->button == Button1) {
 328                         setgeom(NULL);
 329                         return;
 330                 }
 331                 x = bgw;
 332                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 333                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 334                         if(ev->x >= bgw && ev->x < x) {
 335                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 336                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 337                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 338                                         else
 339                                                 view(tags[i]);
 340                                 }
 341                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 342                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 343                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 344                                         else
 345                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 346                                 }
 347                                 return;
 348                         }
 349                 }
 350                 if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 351                         setlayout(NULL);
 352         }
 353         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 354                 focus(c);
 355                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 356                         return;
 357                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 358                         restack();
 359                         movemouse(c);
 360                 }
 361                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 362                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 363                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 364                         else
 365                                 zoom(NULL);
 366                 }
 367                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 368                         restack();
 369                         resizemouse(c);
 370                 }
 371         }
 372 }
 373
 374 void
 375 checkotherwm(void) {
 376         otherwm = False;
 377         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 378
 379         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 380         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 381         XSync(dpy, False);
 382         if(otherwm)
 383                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 384         XSync(dpy, False);
 385         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 386         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 387         XSync(dpy, False);
 388 }
 389
 390 void
 391 cleanup(void) {
 392         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 393         while(stack) {
 394                 unban(stack);
 395                 unmanage(stack);
 396         }
 397         if(dc.font.set)
 398                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 399         else
 400                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 401         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 402         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 403         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 404         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 405         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 406         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 407         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 408         XSync(dpy, False);
 409         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 410 }
 411
 412 void
 413 configure(Client *c) {
 414         XConfigureEvent ce;
 415
 416         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 417         ce.display = dpy;
 418         ce.event = c->win;
 419         ce.window = c->win;
 420         ce.x = c->x;
 421         ce.y = c->y;
 422         ce.width = c->w;
 423         ce.height = c->h;
 424         ce.border_width = c->bw;
 425         ce.above = None;
 426         ce.override_redirect = False;
 427         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 428 }
 429
 430 void
 431 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 432         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 433
 434         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 435                 sw = ev->width;
 436                 sh = ev->height;
 437                 setgeom(geom->symbol);
 438         }
 439 }
 440
 441 void
 442 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 443         Client *c;
 444         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 445         XWindowChanges wc;
 446
 447         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 448                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 449                         c->bw = ev->border_width;
 450                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 451                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 452                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 453                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 454                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 455                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 456                                 c->w = ev->width;
 457                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 458                                 c->h = ev->height;
 459                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 460                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 461                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 462                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 463                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 464                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 465                                 configure(c);
 466                         if(isvisible(c))
 467                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 468                 }
 469                 else
 470                         configure(c);
 471         }
 472         else {
 473                 wc.x = ev->x;
 474                 wc.y = ev->y;
 475                 wc.width = ev->width;
 476                 wc.height = ev->height;
 477                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 478                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 479                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 480                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 481         }
 482         XSync(dpy, False);
 483 }
 484
 485 unsigned int
 486 counttiled(void) {
 487         unsigned int n;
 488         Client *c;
 489
 490         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 491         return n;
 492 }
 493
 494 void
 495 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 496         Client *c;
 497         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 498
 499         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 500                 unmanage(c);
 501 }
 502
 503 void
 504 detach(Client *c) {
 505         if(c->prev)
 506                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 507         if(c->next)
 508                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 509         if(c == clients)
 510                 clients = c->next;
 511         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 512 }
 513
 514 void
 515 detachstack(Client *c) {
 516         Client **tc;
 517
 518         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 519         *tc = c->snext;
 520 }
 521
 522 void
 523 drawbar(void) {
 524         int i, x;
 525         Client *c;
 526
 527         dc.x = 0;
 528         if(bgw > 0) {
 529                 dc.w = bgw;
 530                 drawtext(geom->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 531                 dc.x += bgw;
 532         }
 533         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 534         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 535                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 536                 if(seltags[i]) {
 537                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 538                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 539                 }
 540                 else {
 541                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 542                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 543                 }
 544                 dc.x += dc.w;
 545         }
 546         if(blw > 0) {
 547                 dc.w = blw;
 548                 drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 549                 x = dc.x + dc.w;
 550         }
 551         else
 552                 x = dc.x;
 553         dc.w = textw(stext);
 554         dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 555         if(dc.x < x) {
 556                 dc.x = x;
 557                 dc.w = bw - x;
 558         }
 559         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 560         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 561                 dc.x = x;
 562                 if(c) {
 563                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 564                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 565                 }
 566                 else
 567                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 568         }
 569         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 570         XSync(dpy, False);
 571 }
 572
 573 void
 574 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 575         int x;
 576         XGCValues gcv;
 577         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 578
 579         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 580         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 581         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 582         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 583         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 584         if(filled) {
 585                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 586                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 587         }
 588         else if(empty) {
 589                 r.width = r.height = x;
 590                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 591         }
 592 }
 593
 594 void
 595 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 596         int x, y, w, h;
 597         unsigned int len, olen;
 598         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 599
 600         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 601         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 602         if(!text)
 603                 return;
 604         w = 0;
 605         olen = len = strlen(text);
 606         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 607                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 608         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 609         buf[len] = 0;
 610         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 611         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 612         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 613         /* shorten text if necessary */
 614         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 615                 buf[--len] = 0;
 616         if(len < olen) {
 617                 if(len > 1)
 618                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 619                 if(len > 2)
 620                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 621                 if(len > 3)
 622                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 623         }
 624         if(w > dc.w)
 625                 return; /* too long */
 626         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 627         if(dc.font.set)
 628                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 629         else
 630                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 631 }
 632
 633 void *
 634 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 635         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 636
 637         if(!res)
 638                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 639         return res;
 640 }
 641
 642 void
 643 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 644         Client *c;
 645         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 646
 647         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 648                 return;
 649         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 650                 focus(c);
 651         else
 652                 focus(NULL);
 653 }
 654
 655 void
 656 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 657         va_list ap;
 658
 659         va_start(ap, errstr);
 660         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 661         va_end(ap);
 662         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 663 }
 664
 665 void
 666 expose(XEvent *e) {
 667         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 668
 669         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 670                 drawbar();
 671 }
 672
 673 void
 674 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 675         Client *c;
 676
 677         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 678                 if(isvisible(c))
 679                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 680 }
 681
 682 void
 683 focus(Client *c) {
 684         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 685                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 686         if(sel && sel != c) {
 687                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 688                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 689         }
 690         if(c) {
 691                 detachstack(c);
 692                 attachstack(c);
 693                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 694         }
 695         sel = c;
 696         if(c) {
 697                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 698                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 699         }
 700         else
 701                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 702         drawbar();
 703 }
 704
 705 void
 706 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 707         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 708
 709         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 710                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 711 }
 712
 713 void
 714 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 715         Client *c;
 716
 717         if(!sel)
 718                 return;
 719         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 720         if(!c)
 721                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 722         if(c) {
 723                 focus(c);
 724                 restack();
 725         }
 726 }
 727
 728 void
 729 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 730         Client *c;
 731
 732         if(!sel)
 733                 return;
 734         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 735         if(!c) {
 736                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 737                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 738         }
 739         if(c) {
 740                 focus(c);
 741                 restack();
 742         }
 743 }
 744
 745 Client *
 746 getclient(Window w) {
 747         Client *c;
 748
 749         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 750         return c;
 751 }
 752
 753 unsigned long
 754 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 755         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 756         XColor color;
 757
 758         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 759                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 760         return color.pixel;
 761 }
 762
 763 long
 764 getstate(Window w) {
 765         int format, status;
 766         long result = -1;
 767         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 768         unsigned long n, extra;
 769         Atom real;
 770
 771         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 772                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 773         if(status != Success)
 774                 return -1;
 775         if(n != 0)
 776                 result = *p;
 777         XFree(p);
 778         return result;
 779 }
 780
 781 Bool
 782 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 783         char **list = NULL;
 784         int n;
 785         XTextProperty name;
 786
 787         if(!text || size == 0)
 788                 return False;
 789         text[0] = '\0';
 790         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 791         if(!name.nitems)
 792                 return False;
 793         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 794                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 795         else {
 796                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 797                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 798                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 799                         XFreeStringList(list);
 800                 }
 801         }
 802         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 803         XFree(name.value);
 804         return True;
 805 }
 806
 807 void
 808 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 809         int i, j;
 810         unsigned int buttons[]   = { Button1, Button2, Button3 };
 811         unsigned int modifiers[] = { MODKEY, MODKEY|LockMask, MODKEY|numlockmask,
 812                                      MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask} ;
 813
 814         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 815         if(focused)
 816                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 817                         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 818                                 XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i], modifiers[j], c->win, False,
 819                                             BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820         else
 821                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 822                             BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 823 }
 824
 825 void
 826 grabkeys(void)  {
 827         unsigned int i, j;
 828         KeyCode code;
 829         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 830
 831         /* init modifier map */
 832         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 833         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 834                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 835                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 836                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 837                 }
 838         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 839
 840         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 841         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 842                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 843                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 844                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 845                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 846                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 847                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 848                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 849                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 850                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 851         }
 852 }
 853
 854 unsigned int
 855 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 856         unsigned int i;
 857
 858         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 859         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 860 }
 861
 862 void
 863 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 864         char *def, **missing;
 865         int i, n;
 866
 867         missing = NULL;
 868         if(dc.font.set)
 869                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 870         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 871         if(missing) {
 872                 while(n--)
 873                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 874                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 875         }
 876         if(dc.font.set) {
 877                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 878                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 879                 char **font_names;
 880                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 881                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 882                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 883                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 884                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 885                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 886                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 887                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 888                         xfonts++;
 889                 }
 890         }
 891         else {
 892                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 893                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 894                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 895                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 896                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 897                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 898                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 899                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 900         }
 901         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 902 }
 903
 904 Bool
 905 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 906         Client *c;
 907
 908         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 909                 if(c->tags[t])
 910                         return True;
 911         return False;
 912 }
 913
 914 Bool
 915 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 916         int i, n;
 917         Atom *protocols;
 918         Bool ret = False;
 919
 920         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 921                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 922                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 923                                 ret = True;
 924                 XFree(protocols);
 925         }
 926         return ret;
 927 }
 928
 929 Bool
 930 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 931         Client *c;
 932
 933         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 934                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 935                         return True;
 936         return False;
 937 }
 938
 939 Bool
 940 isvisible(Client *c) {
 941         unsigned int i;
 942
 943         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 944                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 945                         return True;
 946         return False;
 947 }
 948
 949 void
 950 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 951         unsigned int i;
 952         KeySym keysym;
 953         XKeyEvent *ev;
 954
 955         ev = &e->xkey;
 956         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 957         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 958                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 959                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 960                 {
 961                         if(keys[i].func)
 962                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 963                 }
 964 }
 965
 966 void
 967 killclient(const char *arg) {
 968         XEvent ev;
 969
 970         if(!sel)
 971                 return;
 972         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 973                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 974                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 975                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 976                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 977                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 978                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 979                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 980         }
 981         else
 982                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 983 }
 984
 985 void
 986 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 987         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 988         Status rettrans;
 989         Window trans;
 990         XWindowChanges wc;
 991
 992         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 993         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 994         c->win = w;
 995
 996         /* geometry */
 997         c->x = wa->x;
 998         c->y = wa->y;
 999         c->w = wa->width;
1000         c->h = wa->height;
1001         c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1002         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1003                 c->x = sx;
1004                 c->y = sy;
1005                 c->bw = wa->border_width;
1006         }
1007         else {
1008                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
1009                         c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1010                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
1011                         c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1012                 if(c->x < wx)
1013                         c->x = wx;
1014                 if(c->y < wy)
1015                         c->y = wy;
1016                 c->bw = BORDERPX;
1017         }
1018
1019         wc.border_width = c->bw;
1020         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1021         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1022         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1023         updatesizehints(c);
1024         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1025         grabbuttons(c, False);
1026         updatetitle(c);
1027         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1028                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1029         if(t)
1030                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1031         else
1032                 applyrules(c);
1033         if(!c->isfloating)
1034                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1035         attach(c);
1036         attachstack(c);
1037         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1038         ban(c);
1039         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1040         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1041         arrange();
1042 }
1043
1044 void
1045 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1046         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1047
1048         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1049         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1050                 grabkeys();
1051 }
1052
1053 void
1054 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1055         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1056         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1057
1058         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1059                 return;
1060         if(wa.override_redirect)
1061                 return;
1062         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1063                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1064 }
1065
1066 void
1067 monocle(void) {
1068         Client *c;
1069
1070         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1071                 if(isvisible(c))
1072                         resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1073 }
1074
1075 void
1076 movemouse(Client *c) {
1077         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1078         unsigned int dui;
1079         Window dummy;
1080         XEvent ev;
1081
1082         ocx = nx = c->x;
1083         ocy = ny = c->y;
1084         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1085                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1086                 return;
1087         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1088         for(;;) {
1089                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1090                 switch (ev.type) {
1091                 case ButtonRelease:
1092                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1093                         return;
1094                 case ConfigureRequest:
1095                 case Expose:
1096                 case MapRequest:
1097                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1098                         break;
1099                 case MotionNotify:
1100                         XSync(dpy, False);
1101                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1102                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1103                         if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1104                                 nx = wx;
1105                         else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1106                                 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1107                         if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1108                                 ny = wy;
1109                         else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1110                                 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1111                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1112                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1113                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1114                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1115                         break;
1116                 }
1117         }
1118 }
1119
1120 Client *
1121 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1122         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1123         return c;
1124 }
1125
1126 void
1127 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1128         Client *c;
1129         Window trans;
1130         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1131
1132         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1133                 return; /* ignore */
1134         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1135                 switch (ev->atom) {
1136                 default: break;
1137                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1138                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1139                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1140                                 arrange();
1141                         break;
1142                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1143                         updatesizehints(c);
1144                         break;
1145                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1146                         updatewmhints(c);
1147                         drawbar();
1148                         break;
1149                 }
1150                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1151                         updatetitle(c);
1152                         if(c == sel)
1153                                 drawbar();
1154                 }
1155         }
1156 }
1157
1158 void
1159 quit(const char *arg) {
1160         readin = running = False;
1161 }
1162
1163 void
1164 reapply(const char *arg) {
1165         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1166         Client *c;
1167
1168         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1169                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1170                 applyrules(c);
1171         }
1172         arrange();
1173 }
1174
1175 void
1176 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1177         XWindowChanges wc;
1178
1179         if(sizehints) {
1180                 /* set minimum possible */
1181                 if(w < 1)
1182                         w = 1;
1183                 if(h < 1)
1184                         h = 1;
1185
1186                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1187                 w -= c->basew;
1188                 h -= c->baseh;
1189
1190                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1191                 if(c->minax != c->maxax && c->minay != c->maxay
1192                 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0 && c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0)
1193                 {
1194                         if(w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1195                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1196                         else if(w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1197                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1198                 }
1199
1200                 /* adjust for increment value */
1201                 if(c->incw)
1202                         w -= w % c->incw;
1203                 if(c->inch)
1204                         h -= h % c->inch;
1205
1206                 /* restore base dimensions */
1207                 w += c->basew;
1208                 h += c->baseh;
1209
1210                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1211                         w = c->minw;
1212                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1213                         h = c->minh;
1214                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1215                         w = c->maxw;
1216                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1217                         h = c->maxh;
1218         }
1219         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1220                 return;
1221         if(x > sx + sw)
1222                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1223         if(y > sy + sh)
1224                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1225         if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1226                 x = sx;
1227         if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1228                 y = sy;
1229         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1230                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1231                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1232                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1233                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1234                 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1235                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1236                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1237                 configure(c);
1238                 XSync(dpy, False);
1239         }
1240 }
1241
1242 void
1243 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1244         int ocx, ocy;
1245         int nw, nh;
1246         XEvent ev;
1247
1248         ocx = c->x;
1249         ocy = c->y;
1250         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1251                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1252                 return;
1253         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1254         for(;;) {
1255                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1256                 switch(ev.type) {
1257                 case ButtonRelease:
1258                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1259                                         c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1260                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1261                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1262                         return;
1263                 case ConfigureRequest:
1264                 case Expose:
1265                 case MapRequest:
1266                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1267                         break;
1268                 case MotionNotify:
1269                         XSync(dpy, False);
1270                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1271                                 nw = 1;
1272                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1273                                 nh = 1;
1274                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1275                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1276                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1277                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1278                         break;
1279                 }
1280         }
1281 }
1282
1283 void
1284 restack(void) {
1285         Client *c;
1286         XEvent ev;
1287         XWindowChanges wc;
1288
1289         drawbar();
1290         if(!sel)
1291                 return;
1292         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1293                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1294         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1295                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1296                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1297                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1298                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1299                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1300                 }
1301                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1302                         if(c == sel)
1303                                 continue;
1304                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1305                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1306                 }
1307         }
1308         XSync(dpy, False);
1309         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1310 }
1311
1312 void
1313 run(void) {
1314         char *p;
1315         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1316         fd_set rd;
1317         int r, xfd;
1318         unsigned int len, offset;
1319         XEvent ev;
1320
1321         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1322         XSync(dpy, False);
1323         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1324         readin = True;
1325         offset = 0;
1326         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1327         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1328         while(running) {
1329                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1330                 if(readin)
1331                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1332                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1333                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1334                         if(errno == EINTR)
1335                                 continue;
1336                         eprint("select failed\n");
1337                 }
1338                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1339                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1340                         case -1:
1341                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1342                                 readin = False;
1343                                 break;
1344                         case 0:
1345                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1346                                 readin = False;
1347                                 break;
1348                         default:
1349                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1350                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1351                                                 *p = '\0';
1352                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1353                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1354                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1355                                                 offset = r;
1356                                                 if(r)
1357                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1358                                                 break;
1359                                         }
1360                                 break;
1361                         }
1362                         drawbar();
1363                 }
1364                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1365                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1366                         if(handler[ev.type])
1367                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1368                 }
1369         }
1370 }
1371
1372 void
1373 scan(void) {
1374         unsigned int i, num;
1375         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1376         XWindowAttributes wa;
1377
1378         wins = NULL;
1379         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1380                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1381                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1382                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1383                                 continue;
1384                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1385                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1386                 }
1387                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1388                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1389                                 continue;
1390                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1391                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1392                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1393                 }
1394         }
1395         if(wins)
1396                 XFree(wins);
1397 }
1398
1399 void
1400 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1401         long data[] = {state, None};
1402
1403         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1404                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1405 }
1406
1407 void
1408 setgeom(const char *arg) {
1409         unsigned int i;
1410
1411         if(!arg) {
1412                 if(++geom == &geoms[LENGTH(geoms)])
1413                         geom = &geoms[0];
1414         }
1415         else {
1416                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(geoms); i++)
1417                         if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg))
1418                                 break;
1419                 if(i == LENGTH(geoms))
1420                         return;
1421                 geom = &geoms[i];
1422         }
1423         geom->apply();
1424         updatebarpos();
1425         arrange();
1426 }
1427
1428 void
1429 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1430         unsigned int i;
1431
1432         if(!arg) {
1433                 if(++lt == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1434                         lt = &layouts[0];
1435         }
1436         else {
1437                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1438                         if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1439                                 break;
1440                 if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1441                         return;
1442                 lt = &layouts[i];
1443         }
1444         if(sel)
1445                 arrange();
1446         else
1447                 drawbar();
1448 }
1449
1450 void
1451 setmfact(const char *arg) {
1452         double d;
1453
1454         if(lt->isfloating)
1455                 return;
1456         if(!arg)
1457                 mfact = MFACT;
1458         else {
1459                 d = strtod(arg, NULL);
1460                 if(arg[0] == '-' || arg[0] == '+')
1461                         d += mfact;
1462                 if(d < 0.1 || d > 0.9)
1463                         return;
1464                 mfact = d;
1465         }
1466         setgeom(geom->symbol);
1467 }
1468
1469 void
1470 setup(void) {
1471         unsigned int i, w;
1472         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1473
1474         /* init screen */
1475         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1476         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1477         initfont(FONT);
1478
1479         /* apply default geometry */
1480         sx = 0;
1481         sy = 0;
1482         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1483         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1484         bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1485         mfact = MFACT;
1486         geom = &geoms[0];
1487         geom->apply();
1488
1489         /* init atoms */
1490         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1491         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1492         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1493         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1494         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1495         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1496
1497         /* init cursors */
1498         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1499         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1500         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1501
1502         /* init appearance */
1503         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1504         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1505         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1506         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1507         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1508         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1509         initfont(FONT);
1510         dc.h = bh;
1511         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1512         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1513         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1514         if(!dc.font.set)
1515                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1516
1517         /* init tags */
1518         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1519         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1520         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1521
1522         /* init layouts */
1523         lt = &layouts[0];
1524
1525         /* init bar */
1526         for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1527                 w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1528                 if(w > blw)
1529                         blw = w;
1530         }
1531         for(bgw = i = 0; LENGTH(geoms) > 1 && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) {
1532                 w = textw(geoms[i].symbol);
1533                 if(w > bgw)
1534                         bgw = w;
1535         }
1536
1537         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1538         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1539         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1540
1541         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1542                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1543                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1544         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1545         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1546         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1547         drawbar();
1548
1549         /* EWMH support per view */
1550         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1551                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1552
1553         /* select for events */
1554         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1555                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1556         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1557         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1558
1559
1560         /* grab keys */
1561         grabkeys();
1562 }
1563
1564 void
1565 spawn(const char *arg) {
1566         static char *shell = NULL;
1567
1568         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1569                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1570         if(!arg)
1571                 return;
1572         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1573          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1574         if(fork() == 0) {
1575                 if(fork() == 0) {
1576                         if(dpy)
1577                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1578                         setsid();
1579                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1580                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1581                         perror(" failed");
1582                 }
1583                 exit(0);
1584         }
1585         wait(0);
1586 }
1587
1588 void
1589 tag(const char *arg) {
1590         unsigned int i;
1591
1592         if(!sel)
1593                 return;
1594         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1595                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1596         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1597         arrange();
1598 }
1599
1600 unsigned int
1601 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1602         XRectangle r;
1603
1604         if(dc.font.set) {
1605                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1606                 return r.width;
1607         }
1608         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1609 }
1610
1611 unsigned int
1612 textw(const char *text) {
1613         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1614 }
1615
1616 void
1617 tileh(void) {
1618         int x, w;
1619         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1620         Client *c;
1621
1622         if(n == 0)
1623                 return;
1624         c = tilemaster(n);
1625         if(--n == 0)
1626                 return;
1627
1628         x = tx;
1629         w = tw / n;
1630         if(w < bh)
1631                 w = tw;
1632
1633         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1634                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1635                         tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1636                 else
1637                         tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1638                 if(w != tw)
1639                         x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1640         }
1641 }
1642
1643 Client *
1644 tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1645         Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1646
1647         if(n == 1)
1648                 tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw);
1649         else
1650                 tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1651         return c;
1652 }
1653
1654 void
1655 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1656         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1657         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1658                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1659                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1660 }
1661
1662 void
1663 tilev(void) {
1664         int y, h;
1665         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1666         Client *c;
1667
1668         if(n == 0)
1669                 return;
1670         c = tilemaster(n);
1671         if(--n == 0)
1672                 return;
1673
1674         y = ty;
1675         h = th / n;
1676         if(h < bh)
1677                 h = th;
1678
1679         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1680                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1681                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1682                 else
1683                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1684                 if(h != th)
1685                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1686         }
1687 }
1688
1689 void
1690 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1691         if(!sel)
1692                 return;
1693         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1694         if(sel->isfloating)
1695                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1696         arrange();
1697 }
1698
1699 void
1700 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1701         unsigned int i, j;
1702
1703         if(!sel)
1704                 return;
1705         i = idxoftag(arg);
1706         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1707         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1708         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1709                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1710         arrange();
1711 }
1712
1713 void
1714 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1715         unsigned int i, j;
1716
1717         i = idxoftag(arg);
1718         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1719         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1720         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1721                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1722         arrange();
1723 }
1724
1725 void
1726 unban(Client *c) {
1727         if(!c->isbanned)
1728                 return;
1729         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1730         c->isbanned = False;
1731 }
1732
1733 void
1734 unmanage(Client *c) {
1735         XWindowChanges wc;
1736
1737         wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1738         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1739         XGrabServer(dpy);
1740         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1741         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1742         detach(c);
1743         detachstack(c);
1744         if(sel == c)
1745                 focus(NULL);
1746         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1747         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1748         free(c->tags);
1749         free(c);
1750         XSync(dpy, False);
1751         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1752         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1753         arrange();
1754 }
1755
1756 void
1757 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1758         Client *c;
1759         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1760
1761         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1762                 unmanage(c);
1763 }
1764
1765 void
1766 updatebarpos(void) {
1767
1768         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1769                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1770         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1771         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1772 }
1773
1774 void
1775 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1776         long msize;
1777         XSizeHints size;
1778
1779         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1780                 size.flags = PSize;
1781         c->flags = size.flags;
1782         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1783                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1784                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1785         }
1786         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1787                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1788                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1789         }
1790         else
1791                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1792         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1793                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1794                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1795         }
1796         else
1797                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1798         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1799                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1800                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1801         }
1802         else
1803                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1804         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1805                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1806                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1807         }
1808         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1809                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1810                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1811         }
1812         else
1813                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1814         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1815                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1816                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1817                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1818                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1819         }
1820         else
1821                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1822         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1823                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1824 }
1825
1826 void
1827 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1828         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1829                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1830 }
1831
1832 void
1833 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1834         XWMHints *wmh;
1835
1836         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1837                 if(c == sel)
1838                         sel->isurgent = False;
1839                 else
1840                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1841                 XFree(wmh);
1842         }
1843 }
1844
1845
1846 void
1847 view(const char *arg) {
1848         unsigned int i;
1849
1850         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1851                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1852         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1853
1854         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1855                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1856                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1857                 arrange();
1858         }
1859 }
1860
1861 void
1862 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1863
1864         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1865         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1866         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1867         arrange();
1868 }
1869
1870 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1871  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1872  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1873 int
1874 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1875         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1876         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1877         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1878         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1879         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1880         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1881         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1882         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1883                 return 0;
1884         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1885                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1886         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1887 }
1888
1889 int
1890 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1891         return 0;
1892 }
1893
1894 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1895  * is already running. */
1896 int
1897 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1898         otherwm = True;
1899         return -1;
1900 }
1901
1902 void
1903 zoom(const char *arg) {
1904         Client *c = sel;
1905
1906         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1907                 return;
1908         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1909                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1910                         return;
1911         detach(c);
1912         attach(c);
1913         focus(c);
1914         arrange();
1915 }
1916
1917 int
1918 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1919         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1920                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1921         else if(argc != 1)
1922                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1923
1924         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1925         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1926                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1927
1928         checkotherwm();
1929         setup();
1930         scan();
1931         run();
1932         cleanup();
1933
1934         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1935         return 0;
1936 }