dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43 /* macros */
  44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49
  50 /* enums */
  51 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  52 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  53 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  54 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56 /* typedefs */
  57 typedef struct Client Client;
  58 struct Client {
  59         char name[256];
  60         int x, y, w, h;
  61         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  62         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  63         long flags;
  64         unsigned int border, oldborder;
  65         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  66         Bool *tags;
  67         Client *next;
  68         Client *prev;
  69         Client *snext;
  70         Window win;
  71 };
  72
  73 typedef struct {
  74         int x, y, w, h;
  75         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  76         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  77         Drawable drawable;
  78         GC gc;
  79         struct {
  80                 int ascent;
  81                 int descent;
  82                 int height;
  83                 XFontSet set;
  84                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  85         } font;
  86 } DC; /* draw context */
  87
  88 typedef struct {
  89         unsigned long mod;
  90         KeySym keysym;
  91         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  92         const char *arg;
  93 } Key;
  94
  95 typedef struct {
  96         const char *symbol;
  97         void (*arrange)(void);
  98         Bool isfloating;
  99 } Layout;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         const char *prop;
 103         const char *tag;
 104         Bool isfloating;
 105 } Rule;
 106
 107 /* function declarations */
 108 void applyrules(Client *c);
 109 void arrange(void);
 110 void attach(Client *c);
 111 void attachstack(Client *c);
 112 void ban(Client *c);
 113 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 114 void checkotherwm(void);
 115 void cleanup(void);
 116 void configure(Client *c);
 117 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 118 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 119 unsigned int counttiled(void);
 120 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 121 void detach(Client *c);
 122 void detachstack(Client *c);
 123 void drawbar(void);
 124 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 125 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 126 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 127 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 128 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 129 void expose(XEvent *e);
 130 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 131 void focus(Client *c);
 132 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 133 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 134 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 135 Client *getclient(Window w);
 136 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 137 long getstate(Window w);
 138 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 139 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 140 void grabkeys(void);
 141 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 142 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 143 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 144 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 145 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 146 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 147 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 148 void killclient(const char *arg);
 149 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 150 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 151 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 152 void monocle(void);
 153 void movemouse(Client *c);
 154 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 155 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 156 void quit(const char *arg);
 157 void reapply(const char *arg);
 158 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 159 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 160 void restack(void);
 161 void run(void);
 162 void scan(void);
 163 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 164 void setdefaultgeoms(void);
 165 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 166 void setup(void);
 167 void spawn(const char *arg);
 168 void tag(const char *arg);
 169 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 170 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 171 void tileh(void);
 172 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 173 Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 174 void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 175 void tilev(void);
 176 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 177 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 178 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 179 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 180 void unban(Client *c);
 181 void unmanage(Client *c);
 182 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 183 void updatebarpos(void);
 184 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 185 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 186 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 187 void view(const char *arg);
 188 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 189 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 190 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 191 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 192 void zoom(const char *arg);
 193
 194 /* variables */
 195 char stext[256], buf[256];
 196 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 197 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 198 int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 199 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 200 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 201         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 202         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 203         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 204         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 205         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 206         [Expose] = expose,
 207         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 208         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 209         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 210         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 211         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 212         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 213 };
 214 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 215 Bool otherwm, readin;
 216 Bool running = True;
 217 Bool *prevtags;
 218 Bool *seltags;
 219 Client *clients = NULL;
 220 Client *sel = NULL;
 221 Client *stack = NULL;
 222 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 223 Display *dpy;
 224 DC dc = {0};
 225 Layout *lt = NULL;
 226 Window root, barwin;
 227 void (*setgeoms)(void) = setdefaultgeoms;
 228
 229 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 230 #include "config.h"
 231 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 232 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 233
 234 /* function implementations */
 235
 236 void
 237 applyrules(Client *c) {
 238         unsigned int i;
 239         Bool matched = False;
 240         Rule *r;
 241         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 242
 243         /* rule matching */
 244         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 245         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 246                 r = &rules[i];
 247                 if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 248                 || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 249                 || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 250                 {
 251                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 252                         if(r->tag) {
 253                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 254                                 matched = True;
 255                         }
 256                 }
 257         }
 258         if(ch.res_class)
 259                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 260         if(ch.res_name)
 261                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 262         if(!matched)
 263                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 264 }
 265
 266 void
 267 arrange(void) {
 268         Client *c;
 269
 270         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 271                 if(isvisible(c))
 272                         unban(c);
 273                 else
 274                         ban(c);
 275
 276         focus(NULL);
 277         lt->arrange();
 278         restack();
 279 }
 280
 281 void
 282 attach(Client *c) {
 283         if(clients)
 284                 clients->prev = c;
 285         c->next = clients;
 286         clients = c;
 287 }
 288
 289 void
 290 attachstack(Client *c) {
 291         c->snext = stack;
 292         stack = c;
 293 }
 294
 295 void
 296 ban(Client *c) {
 297         if(c->isbanned)
 298                 return;
 299         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 300         c->isbanned = True;
 301 }
 302
 303 void
 304 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 305         unsigned int i, x;
 306         Client *c;
 307         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 308
 309         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 310                 x = 0;
 311                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 312                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 313                         if(ev->x < x) {
 314                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 315                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 316                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 317                                         else
 318                                                 view(tags[i]);
 319                                 }
 320                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 321                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 322                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 323                                         else
 324                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 325                                 }
 326                                 return;
 327                         }
 328                 }
 329         }
 330         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 331                 focus(c);
 332                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 333                         return;
 334                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 335                         restack();
 336                         movemouse(c);
 337                 }
 338                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 339                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 340                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 341                         else
 342                                 zoom(NULL);
 343                 }
 344                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 345                         restack();
 346                         resizemouse(c);
 347                 }
 348         }
 349 }
 350
 351 void
 352 checkotherwm(void) {
 353         otherwm = False;
 354         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 355
 356         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 357         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 358         XSync(dpy, False);
 359         if(otherwm)
 360                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 361         XSync(dpy, False);
 362         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 363         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 364         XSync(dpy, False);
 365 }
 366
 367 void
 368 cleanup(void) {
 369         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 370         while(stack) {
 371                 unban(stack);
 372                 unmanage(stack);
 373         }
 374         if(dc.font.set)
 375                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 376         else
 377                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 378         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 379         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 380         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 381         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 382         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 383         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 384         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 385         XSync(dpy, False);
 386         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 387 }
 388
 389 void
 390 configure(Client *c) {
 391         XConfigureEvent ce;
 392
 393         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 394         ce.display = dpy;
 395         ce.event = c->win;
 396         ce.window = c->win;
 397         ce.x = c->x;
 398         ce.y = c->y;
 399         ce.width = c->w;
 400         ce.height = c->h;
 401         ce.border_width = c->border;
 402         ce.above = None;
 403         ce.override_redirect = False;
 404         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 405 }
 406
 407 void
 408 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 409         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 410
 411         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 412                 setgeoms();
 413                 updatebarpos();
 414                 arrange();
 415         }
 416 }
 417
 418 void
 419 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 420         Client *c;
 421         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 422         XWindowChanges wc;
 423
 424         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 425                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 426                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 427                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 428                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 429                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 430                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 431                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 432                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 433                                 c->w = ev->width;
 434                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 435                                 c->h = ev->height;
 436                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 437                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 438                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 439                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 440                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 441                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 442                                 configure(c);
 443                         if(isvisible(c))
 444                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 445                 }
 446                 else
 447                         configure(c);
 448         }
 449         else {
 450                 wc.x = ev->x;
 451                 wc.y = ev->y;
 452                 wc.width = ev->width;
 453                 wc.height = ev->height;
 454                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 455                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 456                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 457                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 458         }
 459         XSync(dpy, False);
 460 }
 461
 462 unsigned int
 463 counttiled(void) {
 464         unsigned int n;
 465         Client *c;
 466
 467         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 468         return n;
 469 }
 470
 471 void
 472 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 473         Client *c;
 474         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 475
 476         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 477                 unmanage(c);
 478 }
 479
 480 void
 481 detach(Client *c) {
 482         if(c->prev)
 483                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 484         if(c->next)
 485                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 486         if(c == clients)
 487                 clients = c->next;
 488         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 489 }
 490
 491 void
 492 detachstack(Client *c) {
 493         Client **tc;
 494
 495         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 496         *tc = c->snext;
 497 }
 498
 499 void
 500 drawbar(void) {
 501         int i, x;
 502         Client *c;
 503
 504         dc.x = 0;
 505         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 506         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 507                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 508                 if(seltags[i]) {
 509                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 510                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 511                 }
 512                 else {
 513                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 514                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 515                 }
 516                 dc.x += dc.w;
 517         }
 518         dc.w = blw;
 519         drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 520         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 521         dc.w = textw(stext);
 522         dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 523         if(dc.x < x) {
 524                 dc.x = x;
 525                 dc.w = bw - x;
 526         }
 527         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 528         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 529                 dc.x = x;
 530                 if(c) {
 531                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 532                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 533                 }
 534                 else
 535                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 536         }
 537         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 538         XSync(dpy, False);
 539 }
 540
 541 void
 542 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 543         int x;
 544         XGCValues gcv;
 545         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 546
 547         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 548         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 549         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 550         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 551         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 552         if(filled) {
 553                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 554                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 555         }
 556         else if(empty) {
 557                 r.width = r.height = x;
 558                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 559         }
 560 }
 561
 562 void
 563 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 564         int x, y, w, h;
 565         unsigned int len, olen;
 566         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 567
 568         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 569         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 570         if(!text)
 571                 return;
 572         w = 0;
 573         olen = len = strlen(text);
 574         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 575                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 576         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 577         buf[len] = 0;
 578         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 579         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 580         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 581         /* shorten text if necessary */
 582         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 583                 buf[--len] = 0;
 584         if(len < olen) {
 585                 if(len > 1)
 586                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 587                 if(len > 2)
 588                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 589                 if(len > 3)
 590                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 591         }
 592         if(w > dc.w)
 593                 return; /* too long */
 594         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 595         if(dc.font.set)
 596                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 597         else
 598                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 599 }
 600
 601 void *
 602 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 603         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 604
 605         if(!res)
 606                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 607         return res;
 608 }
 609
 610 void
 611 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 612         Client *c;
 613         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 614
 615         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 616                 return;
 617         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 618                 focus(c);
 619         else
 620                 focus(NULL);
 621 }
 622
 623 void
 624 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 625         va_list ap;
 626
 627         va_start(ap, errstr);
 628         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 629         va_end(ap);
 630         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 631 }
 632
 633 void
 634 expose(XEvent *e) {
 635         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 636
 637         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 638                 drawbar();
 639 }
 640
 641 void
 642 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 643         Client *c;
 644
 645         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 646                 if(isvisible(c))
 647                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 648 }
 649
 650 void
 651 focus(Client *c) {
 652         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 653                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 654         if(sel && sel != c) {
 655                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 656                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 657         }
 658         if(c) {
 659                 detachstack(c);
 660                 attachstack(c);
 661                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 662         }
 663         sel = c;
 664         if(c) {
 665                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 666                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 667         }
 668         else
 669                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 670         drawbar();
 671 }
 672
 673 void
 674 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 675         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 676
 677         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 678                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 679 }
 680
 681 void
 682 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 683         Client *c;
 684
 685         if(!sel)
 686                 return;
 687         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 688         if(!c)
 689                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 690         if(c) {
 691                 focus(c);
 692                 restack();
 693         }
 694 }
 695
 696 void
 697 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 698         Client *c;
 699
 700         if(!sel)
 701                 return;
 702         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 703         if(!c) {
 704                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 705                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 706         }
 707         if(c) {
 708                 focus(c);
 709                 restack();
 710         }
 711 }
 712
 713 Client *
 714 getclient(Window w) {
 715         Client *c;
 716
 717         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 718         return c;
 719 }
 720
 721 unsigned long
 722 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 723         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 724         XColor color;
 725
 726         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 727                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 728         return color.pixel;
 729 }
 730
 731 long
 732 getstate(Window w) {
 733         int format, status;
 734         long result = -1;
 735         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 736         unsigned long n, extra;
 737         Atom real;
 738
 739         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 740                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 741         if(status != Success)
 742                 return -1;
 743         if(n != 0)
 744                 result = *p;
 745         XFree(p);
 746         return result;
 747 }
 748
 749 Bool
 750 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 751         char **list = NULL;
 752         int n;
 753         XTextProperty name;
 754
 755         if(!text || size == 0)
 756                 return False;
 757         text[0] = '\0';
 758         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 759         if(!name.nitems)
 760                 return False;
 761         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 762                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 763         else {
 764                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 765                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 766                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 767                         XFreeStringList(list);
 768                 }
 769         }
 770         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 771         XFree(name.value);
 772         return True;
 773 }
 774
 775 void
 776 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 777         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 778
 779         if(focused) {
 780                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 781                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 782                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 783                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 784                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788
 789                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 790                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 791                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 792                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 793                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 796                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797
 798                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 799                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 800                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 801                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 802                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806         }
 807         else
 808                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810 }
 811
 812 void
 813 grabkeys(void)  {
 814         unsigned int i, j;
 815         KeyCode code;
 816         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 817
 818         /* init modifier map */
 819         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 820         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 821                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 822                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 823                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 824                 }
 825         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 826
 827         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 828         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 829                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 830                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 831                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 832                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 833                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 834                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 835                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 836                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 837                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 838         }
 839 }
 840
 841 unsigned int
 842 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 843         unsigned int i;
 844
 845         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 846         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 847 }
 848
 849 void
 850 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 851         char *def, **missing;
 852         int i, n;
 853
 854         missing = NULL;
 855         if(dc.font.set)
 856                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 857         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 858         if(missing) {
 859                 while(n--)
 860                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 861                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 862         }
 863         if(dc.font.set) {
 864                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 865                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 866                 char **font_names;
 867                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 868                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 869                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 870                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 871                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 872                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 873                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 874                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 875                         xfonts++;
 876                 }
 877         }
 878         else {
 879                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 880                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 881                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 882                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 883                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 884                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 885                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 886                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 887         }
 888         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 889 }
 890
 891 Bool
 892 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 893         Client *c;
 894
 895         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 896                 if(c->tags[t])
 897                         return True;
 898         return False;
 899 }
 900
 901 Bool
 902 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 903         int i, n;
 904         Atom *protocols;
 905         Bool ret = False;
 906
 907         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 908                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 909                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 910                                 ret = True;
 911                 XFree(protocols);
 912         }
 913         return ret;
 914 }
 915
 916 Bool
 917 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 918         Client *c;
 919
 920         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 921                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 922                         return True;
 923         return False;
 924 }
 925
 926 Bool
 927 isvisible(Client *c) {
 928         unsigned int i;
 929
 930         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 931                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 932                         return True;
 933         return False;
 934 }
 935
 936 void
 937 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 938         unsigned int i;
 939         KeySym keysym;
 940         XKeyEvent *ev;
 941
 942         ev = &e->xkey;
 943         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 944         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 945                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 946                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 947                 {
 948                         if(keys[i].func)
 949                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 950                 }
 951 }
 952
 953 void
 954 killclient(const char *arg) {
 955         XEvent ev;
 956
 957         if(!sel)
 958                 return;
 959         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 960                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 961                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 962                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 963                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 964                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 965                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 966                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 967         }
 968         else
 969                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 970 }
 971
 972 void
 973 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 974         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 975         Status rettrans;
 976         Window trans;
 977         XWindowChanges wc;
 978
 979         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 980         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 981         c->win = w;
 982
 983         /* geometry */
 984         c->x = wa->x;
 985         c->y = wa->y;
 986         c->w = wa->width;
 987         c->h = wa->height;
 988         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 989         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 990                 c->x = sx;
 991                 c->y = sy;
 992                 c->border = wa->border_width;
 993         }
 994         else {
 995                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wx + ww)
 996                         c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
 997                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > wy + wh)
 998                         c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
 999                 if(c->x < wx)
1000                         c->x = wx;
1001                 if(c->y < wy)
1002                         c->y = wy;
1003                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1004         }
1005
1006         wc.border_width = c->border;
1007         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1008         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1009         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1010         updatesizehints(c);
1011         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1012         grabbuttons(c, False);
1013         updatetitle(c);
1014         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1015                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1016         if(t)
1017                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1018         else
1019                 applyrules(c);
1020         if(!c->isfloating)
1021                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1022         attach(c);
1023         attachstack(c);
1024         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1025         ban(c);
1026         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1027         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1028         arrange();
1029 }
1030
1031 void
1032 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1033         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1034
1035         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1036         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1037                 grabkeys();
1038 }
1039
1040 void
1041 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1042         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1043         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1044
1045         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1046                 return;
1047         if(wa.override_redirect)
1048                 return;
1049         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1050                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1051 }
1052
1053 void
1054 monocle(void) {
1055         Client *c;
1056
1057         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1058                 if(isvisible(c))
1059                         resize(c, mox, moy, mow, moh, RESIZEHINTS);
1060 }
1061
1062 void
1063 movemouse(Client *c) {
1064         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1065         unsigned int dui;
1066         Window dummy;
1067         XEvent ev;
1068
1069         ocx = nx = c->x;
1070         ocy = ny = c->y;
1071         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1072                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1073                 return;
1074         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1075         for(;;) {
1076                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1077                 switch (ev.type) {
1078                 case ButtonRelease:
1079                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1080                         return;
1081                 case ConfigureRequest:
1082                 case Expose:
1083                 case MapRequest:
1084                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1085                         break;
1086                 case MotionNotify:
1087                         XSync(dpy, False);
1088                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1089                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1090                         if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1091                                 nx = wx;
1092                         else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1093                                 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1094                         if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1095                                 ny = wy;
1096                         else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1097                                 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1098                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1099                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1100                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1101                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1102                         break;
1103                 }
1104         }
1105 }
1106
1107 Client *
1108 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1109         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1110         return c;
1111 }
1112
1113 void
1114 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1115         Client *c;
1116         Window trans;
1117         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1118
1119         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1120                 return; /* ignore */
1121         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1122                 switch (ev->atom) {
1123                 default: break;
1124                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1125                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1126                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1127                                 arrange();
1128                         break;
1129                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1130                         updatesizehints(c);
1131                         break;
1132                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1133                         updatewmhints(c);
1134                         drawbar();
1135                         break;
1136                 }
1137                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1138                         updatetitle(c);
1139                         if(c == sel)
1140                                 drawbar();
1141                 }
1142         }
1143 }
1144
1145 void
1146 quit(const char *arg) {
1147         readin = running = False;
1148 }
1149
1150 void
1151 reapply(const char *arg) {
1152         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1153         Client *c;
1154
1155         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1156                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1157                 applyrules(c);
1158         }
1159         arrange();
1160 }
1161
1162 void
1163 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1164         XWindowChanges wc;
1165
1166         if(sizehints) {
1167                 /* set minimum possible */
1168                 if (w < 1)
1169                         w = 1;
1170                 if (h < 1)
1171                         h = 1;
1172
1173                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1174                 w -= c->basew;
1175                 h -= c->baseh;
1176
1177                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1178                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1179                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1180                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1181                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1182                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1183                 }
1184
1185                 /* adjust for increment value */
1186                 if(c->incw)
1187                         w -= w % c->incw;
1188                 if(c->inch)
1189                         h -= h % c->inch;
1190
1191                 /* restore base dimensions */
1192                 w += c->basew;
1193                 h += c->baseh;
1194
1195                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1196                         w = c->minw;
1197                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1198                         h = c->minh;
1199                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1200                         w = c->maxw;
1201                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1202                         h = c->maxh;
1203         }
1204         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1205                 return;
1206         if(x > sx + sw)
1207                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1208         if(y > sy + sh)
1209                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1210         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1211                 x = sx;
1212         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1213                 y = sy;
1214         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1215                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1216                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1217                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1218                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1219                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1220                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1221                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1222                 configure(c);
1223                 XSync(dpy, False);
1224         }
1225 }
1226
1227 void
1228 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1229         int ocx, ocy;
1230         int nw, nh;
1231         XEvent ev;
1232
1233         ocx = c->x;
1234         ocy = c->y;
1235         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1236                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1237                 return;
1238         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1239         for(;;) {
1240                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1241                 switch(ev.type) {
1242                 case ButtonRelease:
1243                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1244                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1245                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1246                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1247                         return;
1248                 case ConfigureRequest:
1249                 case Expose:
1250                 case MapRequest:
1251                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1252                         break;
1253                 case MotionNotify:
1254                         XSync(dpy, False);
1255                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1256                                 nw = 1;
1257                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1258                                 nh = 1;
1259                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1260                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1261                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1262                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1263                         break;
1264                 }
1265         }
1266 }
1267
1268 void
1269 restack(void) {
1270         Client *c;
1271         XEvent ev;
1272         XWindowChanges wc;
1273
1274         drawbar();
1275         if(!sel)
1276                 return;
1277         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1278                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1279         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1280                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1281                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1282                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1283                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1284                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1285                 }
1286                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1287                         if(c == sel)
1288                                 continue;
1289                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1290                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1291                 }
1292         }
1293         XSync(dpy, False);
1294         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1295 }
1296
1297 void
1298 run(void) {
1299         char *p;
1300         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1301         fd_set rd;
1302         int r, xfd;
1303         unsigned int len, offset;
1304         XEvent ev;
1305
1306         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1307         XSync(dpy, False);
1308         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1309         readin = True;
1310         offset = 0;
1311         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1312         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1313         while(running) {
1314                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1315                 if(readin)
1316                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1317                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1318                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1319                         if(errno == EINTR)
1320                                 continue;
1321                         eprint("select failed\n");
1322                 }
1323                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1324                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1325                         case -1:
1326                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1327                                 readin = False;
1328                                 break;
1329                         case 0:
1330                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1331                                 readin = False;
1332                                 break;
1333                         default:
1334                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1335                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1336                                                 *p = '\0';
1337                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1338                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1339                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1340                                                 offset = r;
1341                                                 if(r)
1342                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1343                                                 break;
1344                                         }
1345                                 break;
1346                         }
1347                         drawbar();
1348                 }
1349                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1350                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1351                         if(handler[ev.type])
1352                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1353                 }
1354         }
1355 }
1356
1357 void
1358 scan(void) {
1359         unsigned int i, num;
1360         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1361         XWindowAttributes wa;
1362
1363         wins = NULL;
1364         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1365                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1366                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1367                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1368                                 continue;
1369                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1370                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1371                 }
1372                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1373                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1374                                 continue;
1375                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1376                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1377                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1378                 }
1379         }
1380         if(wins)
1381                 XFree(wins);
1382 }
1383
1384 void
1385 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1386         long data[] = {state, None};
1387
1388         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1389                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1390 }
1391
1392 void
1393 setdefaultgeoms(void) {
1394
1395         /* screen dimensions */
1396         sx = 0;
1397         sy = 0;
1398         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1399         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1400
1401         /* bar position */
1402         bx = sx;
1403         by = sy;
1404         bw = sw;
1405         bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1406
1407         /* window area */
1408         wx = sx;
1409         wy = sy + bh;
1410         ww = sw;
1411         wh = sh - bh;
1412
1413         /* master area */
1414         mx = wx;
1415         my = wy;
1416         mw = ((float)sw) * 0.55;
1417         mh = wh;
1418
1419         /* tile area */
1420         tx = mx + mw;
1421         ty = wy;
1422         tw = ww - mw;
1423         th = wh;
1424
1425         /* monocle area */
1426         mox = wx;
1427         moy = wy;
1428         mow = ww;
1429         moh = wh;
1430 }
1431
1432 void
1433 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1434         static Layout *revert = 0;
1435         unsigned int i;
1436
1437         if(!arg)
1438                 return;
1439         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1440                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1441                         break;
1442         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1443                 return;
1444         if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1445                 lt = revert;
1446         else {
1447                 revert = lt;
1448                 lt = &layouts[i];
1449         }
1450         if(sel)
1451                 arrange();
1452         else
1453                 drawbar();
1454 }
1455
1456 void
1457 setup(void) {
1458         unsigned int i;
1459         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1460
1461         /* init screen */
1462         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1463         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1464         initfont(FONT);
1465
1466         /* apply default geometries */
1467         setgeoms();
1468
1469         /* init atoms */
1470         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1471         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1472         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1473         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1474         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1475         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1476
1477         /* init cursors */
1478         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1479         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1480         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1481
1482         /* init appearance */
1483         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1484         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1485         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1486         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1487         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1488         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1489         initfont(FONT);
1490         dc.h = bh;
1491         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1492         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1493         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1494         if(!dc.font.set)
1495                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1496
1497         /* init tags */
1498         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1499         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1500         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1501
1502         /* init layouts */
1503         lt = &layouts[0];
1504
1505         /* init bar */
1506         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1507                 i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1508                 if(i > blw)
1509                         blw = i;
1510         }
1511
1512         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1513         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1514         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1515
1516         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1517                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1518                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1519         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1520         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1521         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1522         drawbar();
1523
1524         /* EWMH support per view */
1525         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1526                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1527
1528         /* select for events */
1529         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1530                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1531         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1532         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1533
1534
1535         /* grab keys */
1536         grabkeys();
1537 }
1538
1539 void
1540 spawn(const char *arg) {
1541         static char *shell = NULL;
1542
1543         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1544                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1545         if(!arg)
1546                 return;
1547         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1548          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1549         if(fork() == 0) {
1550                 if(fork() == 0) {
1551                         if(dpy)
1552                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1553                         setsid();
1554                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1555                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1556                         perror(" failed");
1557                 }
1558                 exit(0);
1559         }
1560         wait(0);
1561 }
1562
1563 void
1564 tag(const char *arg) {
1565         unsigned int i;
1566
1567         if(!sel)
1568                 return;
1569         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1570                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1571         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1572         arrange();
1573 }
1574
1575 unsigned int
1576 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1577         XRectangle r;
1578
1579         if(dc.font.set) {
1580                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1581                 return r.width;
1582         }
1583         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1584 }
1585
1586 unsigned int
1587 textw(const char *text) {
1588         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1589 }
1590
1591 void
1592 tileh(void) {
1593         int x, w;
1594         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1595         Client *c;
1596
1597         if(n == 0)
1598                 return;
1599         c = tilemaster(n);
1600         if(--n == 0)
1601                 return;
1602
1603         x = tx;
1604         w = tw / n;
1605         if(w < bh)
1606                 w = tw;
1607
1608         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1609                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1610                         tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1611                 else
1612                         tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1613                 if(w != tw)
1614                         x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1615         }
1616 }
1617
1618 Client *
1619 tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1620         Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1621
1622         if(n == 1)
1623                 tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->border, moh - 2 * c->border);
1624         else
1625                 tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->border, mh - 2 * c->border);
1626         return c;
1627 }
1628
1629 void
1630 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1631         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1632         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1633                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1634                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1635 }
1636
1637 void
1638 tilev(void) {
1639         int y, h;
1640         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1641         Client *c;
1642
1643         if(n == 0)
1644                 return;
1645         c = tilemaster(n);
1646         if(--n == 0)
1647                 return;
1648
1649         y = ty;
1650         h = th / n;
1651         if(h < bh)
1652                 h = th;
1653
1654         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1655                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1656                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->border);
1657                 else
1658                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, h - 2 * c->border);
1659                 if(h != th)
1660                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1661         }
1662 }
1663
1664 void
1665 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1666         if(!sel)
1667                 return;
1668         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1669         if(sel->isfloating)
1670                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1671         arrange();
1672 }
1673
1674 void
1675 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1676         unsigned int i, j;
1677
1678         if(!sel)
1679                 return;
1680         i = idxoftag(arg);
1681         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1682         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1683         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1684                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1685         arrange();
1686 }
1687
1688 void
1689 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1690         unsigned int i, j;
1691
1692         i = idxoftag(arg);
1693         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1694         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1695         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1696                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1697         arrange();
1698 }
1699
1700 void
1701 unban(Client *c) {
1702         if(!c->isbanned)
1703                 return;
1704         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1705         c->isbanned = False;
1706 }
1707
1708 void
1709 unmanage(Client *c) {
1710         XWindowChanges wc;
1711
1712         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1713         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1714         XGrabServer(dpy);
1715         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1716         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1717         detach(c);
1718         detachstack(c);
1719         if(sel == c)
1720                 focus(NULL);
1721         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1722         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1723         free(c->tags);
1724         free(c);
1725         XSync(dpy, False);
1726         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1727         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1728         arrange();
1729 }
1730
1731 void
1732 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1733         Client *c;
1734         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1735
1736         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1737                 unmanage(c);
1738 }
1739
1740 void
1741 updatebarpos(void) {
1742
1743         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1744                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1745         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1746         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1747 }
1748
1749 void
1750 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1751         long msize;
1752         XSizeHints size;
1753
1754         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1755                 size.flags = PSize;
1756         c->flags = size.flags;
1757         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1758                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1759                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1760         }
1761         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1762                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1763                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1764         }
1765         else
1766                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1767         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1768                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1769                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1770         }
1771         else
1772                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1773         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1774                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1775                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1776         }
1777         else
1778                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1779         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1780                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1781                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1782         }
1783         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1784                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1785                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1786         }
1787         else
1788                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1789         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1790                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1791                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1792                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1793                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1794         }
1795         else
1796                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1797         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1798                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1799 }
1800
1801 void
1802 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1803         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1804                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1805 }
1806
1807 void
1808 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1809         XWMHints *wmh;
1810
1811         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1812                 if(c == sel)
1813                         sel->isurgent = False;
1814                 else
1815                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1816                 XFree(wmh);
1817         }
1818 }
1819
1820
1821 void
1822 view(const char *arg) {
1823         unsigned int i;
1824
1825         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1826                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1827         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1828
1829         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1830                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1831                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1832                 arrange();
1833         }
1834 }
1835
1836 void
1837 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1838
1839         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1840         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1841         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1842         arrange();
1843 }
1844
1845 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1846  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1847  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1848 int
1849 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1850         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1851         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1852         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1853         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1854         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1855         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1856         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1857         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1858                 return 0;
1859         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1860                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1861         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1862 }
1863
1864 int
1865 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1866         return 0;
1867 }
1868
1869 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1870  * is already running. */
1871 int
1872 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1873         otherwm = True;
1874         return -1;
1875 }
1876
1877 void
1878 zoom(const char *arg) {
1879         Client *c = sel;
1880
1881         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1882                 return;
1883         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1884                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1885                         return;
1886         detach(c);
1887         attach(c);
1888         focus(c);
1889         arrange();
1890 }
1891
1892 int
1893 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1894         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1895                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1896         else if(argc != 1)
1897                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1898
1899         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1900         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1901                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1902
1903         checkotherwm();
1904         setup();
1905         scan();
1906         run();
1907         cleanup();
1908
1909         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1910         return 0;
1911 }