dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <regex.h>
  37 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43
  44 /* macros */
  45 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  48 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  49 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  50
  51 /* enums */
  52 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  53 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  54 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  55 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  56
  57 /* typedefs */
  58 typedef struct Client Client;
  59 struct Client {
  60         char name[256];
  61         int x, y, w, h;
  62         int rx, ry, rw, rh;
  63         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  64         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  65         long flags;
  66         unsigned int border, oldborder;
  67         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  68         Bool *tags;
  69         Client *next;
  70         Client *prev;
  71         Client *snext;
  72         Window win;
  73 };
  74
  75 typedef struct {
  76         int x, y, w, h;
  77         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  78         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  79         Drawable drawable;
  80         GC gc;
  81         struct {
  82                 int ascent;
  83                 int descent;
  84                 int height;
  85                 XFontSet set;
  86                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  87         } font;
  88 } DC; /* draw context */
  89
  90 typedef struct {
  91         unsigned long mod;
  92         KeySym keysym;
  93         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  94         const char *arg;
  95 } Key;
  96
  97 typedef struct {
  98         const char *symbol;
  99         void (*arrange)(void);
 100 } Layout;
 101
 102 typedef struct {
 103         const char *prop;
 104         const char *tag;
 105         Bool isfloating;
 106 } Rule;
 107
 108 /* function declarations */
 109 void applyrules(Client *c);
 110 void arrange(void);
 111 void attach(Client *c);
 112 void attachstack(Client *c);
 113 void ban(Client *c);
 114 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 115 void checkotherwm(void);
 116 void cleanup(void);
 117 void configure(Client *c);
 118 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 119 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 120 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 121 void detach(Client *c);
 122 void detachstack(Client *c);
 123 void drawbar(void);
 124 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 125 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 126 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 127 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 128 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 129 void expose(XEvent *e);
 130 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 131 void focus(Client *c);
 132 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 133 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 134 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 135 Client *getclient(Window w);
 136 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 137 long getstate(Window w);
 138 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 139 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 140 void grabkeys(void);
 141 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 142 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 143 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 144 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 145 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 146 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 147 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 148 void killclient(const char *arg);
 149 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 150 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 151 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 152 void monocle(void);
 153 void movemouse(Client *c);
 154 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 155 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 156 void quit(const char *arg);
 157 void reapply(const char *arg);
 158 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 159 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 160 void restack(void);
 161 void run(void);
 162 void scan(void);
 163 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 164 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 165 void setup(void);
 166 void spawn(const char *arg);
 167 void tag(const char *arg);
 168 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 169 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 170 void tile(void);
 171 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 172 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 173 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 174 void unban(Client *c);
 175 void unmanage(Client *c);
 176 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 177 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 178 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 179 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 180 void view(const char *arg);
 181 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 182 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 183 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 184 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 185 void zoom(const char *arg);
 186 void selectview(const char *arg);
 187
 188 /* variables */
 189 char stext[256], buf[256];
 190 double mwfact;
 191 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 192 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 193 unsigned int bh, bpos;
 194 unsigned int blw = 0;
 195 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 196 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 197         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 198         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 199         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 200         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 201         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 202         [Expose] = expose,
 203         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 204         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 205         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 206         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 207         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 208         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 209 };
 210 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 211 Bool dozoom = True;
 212 Bool otherwm, readin;
 213 Bool running = True;
 214 Bool *prevtags;
 215 Bool *seltags;
 216 Client *clients = NULL;
 217 Client *sel = NULL;
 218 Client *stack = NULL;
 219 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 220 Display *dpy;
 221 DC dc = {0};
 222 Layout *lt;
 223 Window root, barwin;
 224
 225 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 226 #include "config.h"
 227 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 228 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 229
 230 /* function implementations */
 231
 232 void
 233 applyrules(Client *c) {
 234         unsigned int i;
 235         Bool matched = False;
 236         Rule *r;
 237         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 238
 239         /* rule matching */
 240         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 241         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 242                 r = &rules[i];
 243                 if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 244                 || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 245                 || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 246                 {
 247                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 248                         if(r->tag) {
 249                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 250                                 matched = True;
 251                         }
 252                 }
 253         }
 254         if(ch.res_class)
 255                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 256         if(ch.res_name)
 257                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 258         if(!matched)
 259                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 260 }
 261
 262 void
 263 arrange(void) {
 264         Client *c;
 265
 266         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 267                 if(isvisible(c))
 268                         unban(c);
 269                 else
 270                         ban(c);
 271
 272         focus(NULL);
 273         lt->arrange();
 274         restack();
 275 }
 276
 277 void
 278 attach(Client *c) {
 279         if(clients)
 280                 clients->prev = c;
 281         c->next = clients;
 282         clients = c;
 283 }
 284
 285 void
 286 attachstack(Client *c) {
 287         c->snext = stack;
 288         stack = c;
 289 }
 290
 291 void
 292 ban(Client *c) {
 293         if(c->isbanned)
 294                 return;
 295         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 3 * sw, c->y);
 296         c->isbanned = True;
 297 }
 298
 299 void
 300 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 301         unsigned int i, x;
 302         Client *c;
 303         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 304
 305         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 306                 x = 0;
 307                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 308                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 309                         if(ev->x < x) {
 310                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 311                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 312                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 313                                         else
 314                                                 view(tags[i]);
 315                                 }
 316                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 317                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 318                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 319                                         else
 320                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 321                                 }
 322                                 return;
 323                         }
 324                 }
 325         }
 326         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 327                 focus(c);
 328                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 329                         return;
 330                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 331                         restack();
 332                         movemouse(c);
 333                 }
 334                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 335                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 336                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 337                         else
 338                                 zoom(NULL);
 339                 }
 340                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 341                         restack();
 342                         resizemouse(c);
 343                 }
 344         }
 345 }
 346
 347 void
 348 checkotherwm(void) {
 349         otherwm = False;
 350         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 351
 352         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 353         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 354         XSync(dpy, False);
 355         if(otherwm)
 356                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 357         XSync(dpy, False);
 358         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 359         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 360         XSync(dpy, False);
 361 }
 362
 363 void
 364 cleanup(void) {
 365
 366         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 367         while(stack) {
 368                 unban(stack);
 369                 unmanage(stack);
 370         }
 371         if(dc.font.set)
 372                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 373         else
 374                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 375
 376         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 377         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 378         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 379         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 380         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 381         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 382         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 383         XSync(dpy, False);
 384         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 385 }
 386
 387 void
 388 configure(Client *c) {
 389         XConfigureEvent ce;
 390
 391         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 392         ce.display = dpy;
 393         ce.event = c->win;
 394         ce.window = c->win;
 395         ce.x = c->x;
 396         ce.y = c->y;
 397         ce.width = c->w;
 398         ce.height = c->h;
 399         ce.border_width = c->border;
 400         ce.above = None;
 401         ce.override_redirect = False;
 402         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 403 }
 404
 405 void
 406 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 407         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 408
 409         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 410                 sw = ev->width;
 411                 sh = ev->height;
 412                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 413                 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, BW, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 414                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, BX, BY, BW, bh);
 415                 arrange();
 416         }
 417 }
 418
 419 void
 420 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 421         Client *c;
 422         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 423         XWindowChanges wc;
 424
 425         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 426                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 427                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 428                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == lt->arrange)) {
 429                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 430                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 431                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 432                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 433                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 434                                 c->w = ev->width;
 435                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 436                                 c->h = ev->height;
 437                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 438                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 439                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 440                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 441                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 442                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 443                                 configure(c);
 444                         if(isvisible(c))
 445                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 446                 }
 447                 else
 448                         configure(c);
 449         }
 450         else {
 451                 wc.x = ev->x;
 452                 wc.y = ev->y;
 453                 wc.width = ev->width;
 454                 wc.height = ev->height;
 455                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 456                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 457                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 458                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 459         }
 460         XSync(dpy, False);
 461 }
 462
 463 void
 464 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 465         Client *c;
 466         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 467
 468         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 469                 unmanage(c);
 470 }
 471
 472 void
 473 detach(Client *c) {
 474         if(c->prev)
 475                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 476         if(c->next)
 477                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 478         if(c == clients)
 479                 clients = c->next;
 480         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 481 }
 482
 483 void
 484 detachstack(Client *c) {
 485         Client **tc;
 486
 487         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 488         *tc = c->snext;
 489 }
 490
 491 void
 492 drawbar(void) {
 493         int i, x;
 494         Client *c;
 495
 496         dc.x = 0;
 497         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 498         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 499                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 500                 if(seltags[i]) {
 501                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 502                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 503                 }
 504                 else {
 505                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 506                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 507                 }
 508                 dc.x += dc.w;
 509         }
 510         dc.w = blw;
 511         drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 512         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 513         dc.w = textw(stext);
 514         dc.x = BW - dc.w;
 515         if(dc.x < x) {
 516                 dc.x = x;
 517                 dc.w = BW - x;
 518         }
 519         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 520         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 521                 dc.x = x;
 522                 if(c) {
 523                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 524                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 525                 }
 526                 else
 527                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 528         }
 529         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, BW, bh, 0, 0);
 530         XSync(dpy, False);
 531 }
 532
 533 void
 534 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 535         int x;
 536         XGCValues gcv;
 537         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 538
 539         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 540         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 541         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 542         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 543         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 544         if(filled) {
 545                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 546                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 547         }
 548         else if(empty) {
 549                 r.width = r.height = x;
 550                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 551         }
 552 }
 553
 554 void
 555 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 556         int x, y, w, h;
 557         unsigned int len, olen;
 558         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 559
 560         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 561         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 562         if(!text)
 563                 return;
 564         w = 0;
 565         olen = len = strlen(text);
 566         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 567                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 568         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 569         buf[len] = 0;
 570         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 571         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 572         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 573         /* shorten text if necessary */
 574         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 575                 buf[--len] = 0;
 576         if(len < olen) {
 577                 if(len > 1)
 578                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 579                 if(len > 2)
 580                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 581                 if(len > 3)
 582                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 583         }
 584         if(w > dc.w)
 585                 return; /* too long */
 586         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 587         if(dc.font.set)
 588                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 589         else
 590                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 591 }
 592
 593 void *
 594 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 595         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 596
 597         if(!res)
 598                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 599         return res;
 600 }
 601
 602 void
 603 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 604         Client *c;
 605         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 606
 607         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 608                 return;
 609         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 610                 focus(c);
 611         else
 612                 focus(NULL);
 613 }
 614
 615 void
 616 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 617         va_list ap;
 618
 619         va_start(ap, errstr);
 620         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 621         va_end(ap);
 622         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 623 }
 624
 625 void
 626 expose(XEvent *e) {
 627         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 628
 629         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 630                 drawbar();
 631 }
 632
 633 void
 634 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 635         Client *c;
 636
 637         dozoom = False;
 638         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 639                 if(isvisible(c))
 640                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 641 }
 642
 643 void
 644 focus(Client *c) {
 645         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 646                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 647         if(sel && sel != c) {
 648                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 649                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 650                 if(lt->arrange == monocle)
 651                         resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
 652         }
 653         if(c) {
 654                 detachstack(c);
 655                 attachstack(c);
 656                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 657                 if(lt->arrange == monocle) {
 658                         if(sel != c) {
 659                                 c->rx = c->x;
 660                                 c->ry = c->y;
 661                                 c->rw = c->w;
 662                                 c->rh = c->h;
 663                         }
 664                         resize(c, MOX, MOY, MOW, MOH, RESIZEHINTS);
 665                 }
 666         }
 667         sel = c;
 668         if(c) {
 669                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 670                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 671         }
 672         else
 673                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 674         drawbar();
 675 }
 676
 677 void
 678 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 679         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 680
 681         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 682                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 683 }
 684
 685 void
 686 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 687         Client *c;
 688
 689         if(!sel)
 690                 return;
 691         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 692         if(!c)
 693                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 694         if(c) {
 695                 focus(c);
 696                 restack();
 697         }
 698 }
 699
 700 void
 701 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 702         Client *c;
 703
 704         if(!sel)
 705                 return;
 706         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 707         if(!c) {
 708                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 709                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 710         }
 711         if(c) {
 712                 focus(c);
 713                 restack();
 714         }
 715 }
 716
 717 Client *
 718 getclient(Window w) {
 719         Client *c;
 720
 721         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 722         return c;
 723 }
 724
 725 unsigned long
 726 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 727         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 728         XColor color;
 729
 730         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 731                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 732         return color.pixel;
 733 }
 734
 735 long
 736 getstate(Window w) {
 737         int format, status;
 738         long result = -1;
 739         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 740         unsigned long n, extra;
 741         Atom real;
 742
 743         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 744                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 745         if(status != Success)
 746                 return -1;
 747         if(n != 0)
 748                 result = *p;
 749         XFree(p);
 750         return result;
 751 }
 752
 753 Bool
 754 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 755         char **list = NULL;
 756         int n;
 757         XTextProperty name;
 758
 759         if(!text || size == 0)
 760                 return False;
 761         text[0] = '\0';
 762         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 763         if(!name.nitems)
 764                 return False;
 765         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 766                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 767         else {
 768                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 769                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 770                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 771                         XFreeStringList(list);
 772                 }
 773         }
 774         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 775         XFree(name.value);
 776         return True;
 777 }
 778
 779 void
 780 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 781         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 782
 783         if(focused) {
 784                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 787                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 788                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 789                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 790                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 791                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 792
 793                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 796                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 797                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 798                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 799                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 800                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 801
 802                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810         }
 811         else
 812                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 813                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 814 }
 815
 816 void
 817 grabkeys(void)  {
 818         unsigned int i, j;
 819         KeyCode code;
 820         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 821
 822         /* init modifier map */
 823         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 824         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 825                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 826                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 827                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 828                 }
 829         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 830
 831         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 832         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 833                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 834                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 835                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 836                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 837                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 838                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 839                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 840                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 841                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 842         }
 843 }
 844
 845 unsigned int
 846 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 847         unsigned int i;
 848
 849         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 850         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 851 }
 852
 853 void
 854 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 855         char *def, **missing;
 856         int i, n;
 857
 858         missing = NULL;
 859         if(dc.font.set)
 860                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 861         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 862         if(missing) {
 863                 while(n--)
 864                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 865                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 866         }
 867         if(dc.font.set) {
 868                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 869                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 870                 char **font_names;
 871                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 872                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 873                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 874                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 875                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 876                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 877                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 878                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 879                         xfonts++;
 880                 }
 881         }
 882         else {
 883                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 884                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 885                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 886                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 887                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 888                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 889                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 890                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 891         }
 892         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 893 }
 894
 895 Bool
 896 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 897         Client *c;
 898
 899         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 900                 if(c->tags[t])
 901                         return True;
 902         return False;
 903 }
 904
 905 Bool
 906 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 907         int i, n;
 908         Atom *protocols;
 909         Bool ret = False;
 910
 911         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 912                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 913                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 914                                 ret = True;
 915                 XFree(protocols);
 916         }
 917         return ret;
 918 }
 919
 920 Bool
 921 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 922         Client *c;
 923
 924         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 925                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 926                         return True;
 927         return False;
 928 }
 929
 930 Bool
 931 isvisible(Client *c) {
 932         unsigned int i;
 933
 934         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 935                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 936                         return True;
 937         return False;
 938 }
 939
 940 void
 941 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 942         unsigned int i;
 943         KeySym keysym;
 944         XKeyEvent *ev;
 945
 946         ev = &e->xkey;
 947         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 948         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 949                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 950                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 951                 {
 952                         if(keys[i].func)
 953                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 954                 }
 955 }
 956
 957 void
 958 killclient(const char *arg) {
 959         XEvent ev;
 960
 961         if(!sel)
 962                 return;
 963         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 964                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 965                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 966                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 967                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 968                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 969                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 970                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 971         }
 972         else
 973                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 974 }
 975
 976 void
 977 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 978         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 979         Status rettrans;
 980         Window trans;
 981         XWindowChanges wc;
 982
 983         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 984         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 985         c->win = w;
 986
 987         c->x = c->rx = wa->x + sx;
 988         c->y = c->ry = wa->y + sy;
 989         c->w = c->rw = wa->width;
 990         c->h = c->rh = wa->height;
 991         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 992
 993         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 994                 c->x = sx;
 995                 c->y = sy;
 996                 c->border = wa->border_width;
 997         }
 998         else {
 999                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > sx + sw)
1000                         c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1001                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > sy + sh)
1002                         c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1003                 if(c->x < sx)
1004                         c->x = sx;
1005                 if(c->y < sy)
1006                         c->y = sy;
1007                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1008         }
1009         wc.border_width = c->border;
1010         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1011         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1012         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1013         updatesizehints(c);
1014         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1015         grabbuttons(c, False);
1016         updatetitle(c);
1017         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1018                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1019         if(t)
1020                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1021         else
1022                 applyrules(c);
1023         if(!c->isfloating)
1024                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1025         attach(c);
1026         attachstack(c);
1027         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1028         ban(c);
1029         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1030         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1031         arrange();
1032 }
1033
1034 void
1035 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1036         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1037
1038         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1039         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1040                 grabkeys();
1041 }
1042
1043 void
1044 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1045         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1046         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1047
1048         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1049                 return;
1050         if(wa.override_redirect)
1051                 return;
1052         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1053                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1054 }
1055
1056 void
1057 monocle(void) {
1058         dozoom = False;
1059 }
1060
1061 void
1062 movemouse(Client *c) {
1063         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1064         unsigned int dui;
1065         Window dummy;
1066         XEvent ev;
1067
1068         ocx = nx = c->x;
1069         ocy = ny = c->y;
1070         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1071                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1072                 return;
1073         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1074         for(;;) {
1075                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1076                 switch (ev.type) {
1077                 case ButtonRelease:
1078                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1079                         return;
1080                 case ConfigureRequest:
1081                 case Expose:
1082                 case MapRequest:
1083                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1084                         break;
1085                 case MotionNotify:
1086                         XSync(dpy, False);
1087                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1088                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1089                         if(abs(sx - nx) < SNAP)
1090                                 nx = sx;
1091                         else if(abs((sx + sw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1092                                 nx = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1093                         if(abs(sy - ny) < SNAP)
1094                                 ny = sy;
1095                         else if(abs((sy + sh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1096                                 ny = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1097                         if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1098                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1099                         if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1100                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1101                         break;
1102                 }
1103         }
1104 }
1105
1106 Client *
1107 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1108         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1109         return c;
1110 }
1111
1112 void
1113 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1114         Client *c;
1115         Window trans;
1116         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1117
1118         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1119                 return; /* ignore */
1120         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1121                 switch (ev->atom) {
1122                 default: break;
1123                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1124                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1125                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1126                                 arrange();
1127                         break;
1128                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1129                         updatesizehints(c);
1130                         break;
1131                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1132                         updatewmhints(c);
1133                         drawbar();
1134                         break;
1135                 }
1136                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1137                         updatetitle(c);
1138                         if(c == sel)
1139                                 drawbar();
1140                 }
1141         }
1142 }
1143
1144 void
1145 quit(const char *arg) {
1146         readin = running = False;
1147 }
1148
1149 void
1150 reapply(const char *arg) {
1151         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1152         Client *c;
1153
1154         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1155                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1156                 applyrules(c);
1157         }
1158         arrange();
1159 }
1160
1161 void
1162 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1163         XWindowChanges wc;
1164
1165         if(sizehints) {
1166                 /* set minimum possible */
1167                 if (w < 1)
1168                         w = 1;
1169                 if (h < 1)
1170                         h = 1;
1171
1172                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1173                 w -= c->basew;
1174                 h -= c->baseh;
1175
1176                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1177                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1178                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1179                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1180                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1181                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1182                 }
1183
1184                 /* adjust for increment value */
1185                 if(c->incw)
1186                         w -= w % c->incw;
1187                 if(c->inch)
1188                         h -= h % c->inch;
1189
1190                 /* restore base dimensions */
1191                 w += c->basew;
1192                 h += c->baseh;
1193
1194                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1195                         w = c->minw;
1196                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1197                         h = c->minh;
1198                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1199                         w = c->maxw;
1200                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1201                         h = c->maxh;
1202         }
1203         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1204                 return;
1205         if(x > sx + sw)
1206                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1207         if(y > sy + sh)
1208                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1209         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1210                 x = sx;
1211         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1212                 y = sy;
1213         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1214                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1215                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1216                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1217                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1218                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1219                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1220                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1221                 configure(c);
1222                 XSync(dpy, False);
1223         }
1224 }
1225
1226 void
1227 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1228         int ocx, ocy;
1229         int nw, nh;
1230         XEvent ev;
1231
1232         ocx = c->x;
1233         ocy = c->y;
1234         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1235                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1236                 return;
1237         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1238         for(;;) {
1239                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1240                 switch(ev.type) {
1241                 case ButtonRelease:
1242                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1243                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1244                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1245                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1246                         return;
1247                 case ConfigureRequest:
1248                 case Expose:
1249                 case MapRequest:
1250                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1251                         break;
1252                 case MotionNotify:
1253                         XSync(dpy, False);
1254                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1255                                 nw = 1;
1256                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1257                                 nh = 1;
1258                         if(!c->isfloating && (lt->arrange != floating) && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1259                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1260                         if((lt->arrange == floating) || c->isfloating)
1261                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1262                         break;
1263                 }
1264         }
1265 }
1266
1267 void
1268 restack(void) {
1269         Client *c;
1270         XEvent ev;
1271         XWindowChanges wc;
1272
1273         drawbar();
1274         if(!sel)
1275                 return;
1276         if(sel->isfloating || (lt->arrange == floating))
1277                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1278         if(lt->arrange != floating) {
1279                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1280                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1281                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1282                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1283                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1284                 }
1285                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1286                         if(c == sel)
1287                                 continue;
1288                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1289                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1290                 }
1291         }
1292         XSync(dpy, False);
1293         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1294 }
1295
1296 void
1297 run(void) {
1298         char *p;
1299         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1300         fd_set rd;
1301         int r, xfd;
1302         unsigned int len, offset;
1303         XEvent ev;
1304
1305         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1306         XSync(dpy, False);
1307         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1308         readin = True;
1309         offset = 0;
1310         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1311         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1312         while(running) {
1313                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1314                 if(readin)
1315                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1316                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1317                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1318                         if(errno == EINTR)
1319                                 continue;
1320                         eprint("select failed\n");
1321                 }
1322                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1323                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1324                         case -1:
1325                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1326                                 readin = False;
1327                                 break;
1328                         case 0:
1329                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1330                                 readin = False;
1331                                 break;
1332                         default:
1333                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1334                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1335                                                 *p = '\0';
1336                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1337                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1338                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1339                                                 offset = r;
1340                                                 if(r)
1341                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1342                                                 break;
1343                                         }
1344                                 break;
1345                         }
1346                         drawbar();
1347                 }
1348                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1349                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1350                         if(handler[ev.type])
1351                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1352                 }
1353         }
1354 }
1355
1356 void
1357 scan(void) {
1358         unsigned int i, num;
1359         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1360         XWindowAttributes wa;
1361
1362         wins = NULL;
1363         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1364                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1365                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1366                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1367                                 continue;
1368                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1369                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1370                 }
1371                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1372                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1373                                 continue;
1374                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1375                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1376                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1377                 }
1378         }
1379         if(wins)
1380                 XFree(wins);
1381 }
1382
1383 void
1384 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1385         long data[] = {state, None};
1386
1387         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1388                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1389 }
1390
1391 void
1392 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1393         unsigned int i;
1394
1395         if(!arg)
1396                 return;
1397         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1398                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1399                         break;
1400         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1401                 return;
1402         lt = &layouts[i];
1403         if(sel)
1404                 arrange();
1405         else
1406                 drawbar();
1407 }
1408
1409 void
1410 setup(void) {
1411         unsigned int i;
1412         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1413
1414         /* init screen */
1415         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1416         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1417         sx = 0;
1418         sy = 0;
1419         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1420         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1421
1422         /* init atoms */
1423         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1424         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1425         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1426         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1427         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1428         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1429
1430         /* init cursors */
1431         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1432         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1433         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1434
1435         /* init appearance */
1436         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1437         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1438         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1439         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1440         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1441         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1442         initfont(FONT);
1443         dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1444         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1445         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1446         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1447         if(!dc.font.set)
1448                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1449
1450         /* init tags */
1451         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1452         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1453         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1454
1455         /* init layouts */
1456         lt = &layouts[0];
1457
1458         /* init bar */
1459         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1460                 i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1461                 if(i > blw)
1462                         blw = i;
1463         }
1464
1465         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1466         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1467         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1468
1469         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, BX, BY, BW, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1470                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1471                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1472         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1473         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1474         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1475         drawbar();
1476
1477         /* EWMH support per view */
1478         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1479                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1480
1481         /* select for events */
1482         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1483                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1484         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1485         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1486
1487
1488         /* grab keys */
1489         grabkeys();
1490 }
1491
1492 void
1493 spawn(const char *arg) {
1494         static char *shell = NULL;
1495
1496         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1497                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1498         if(!arg)
1499                 return;
1500         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1501          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1502         if(fork() == 0) {
1503                 if(fork() == 0) {
1504                         if(dpy)
1505                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1506                         setsid();
1507                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1508                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1509                         perror(" failed");
1510                 }
1511                 exit(0);
1512         }
1513         wait(0);
1514 }
1515
1516 void
1517 tag(const char *arg) {
1518         unsigned int i;
1519
1520         if(!sel)
1521                 return;
1522         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1523                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1524         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1525         arrange();
1526 }
1527
1528 unsigned int
1529 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1530         XRectangle r;
1531
1532         if(dc.font.set) {
1533                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1534                 return r.width;
1535         }
1536         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1537 }
1538
1539 unsigned int
1540 textw(const char *text) {
1541         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1542 }
1543
1544 void
1545 tile(void) {
1546         unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1547         Client *c, *mc;
1548
1549         dozoom = True;
1550         nx = MX;
1551         ny = MY;
1552         nw = 0;
1553         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1554                 n++;
1555
1556         /* window geoms */
1557         mw = (n == 1) ? MOW : MW;
1558         th = (n > 1) ? TH / (n - 1) : 0;
1559         if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1560                 th = TH;
1561
1562         for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1563                 if(i == 0) { /* master */
1564                         nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1565                         nh = MH - 2 * c->border;
1566                 }
1567                 else {  /* tile window */
1568                         if(i == 1) {
1569                                 ny = TY;
1570                                 nx = TX;
1571                                 nw = TW - 2 * c->border;
1572                         }
1573                         if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1574                                 nh = (TY + TH) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1575                         else
1576                                 nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1577                 }
1578                 resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1579                 if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1580                         /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1581                         resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1582                 if(n > 1 && th != TH)
1583                         ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1584                 i++;
1585         }
1586 }
1587
1588 void
1589 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1590         if(!sel)
1591                 return;
1592         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1593         if(sel->isfloating)
1594                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1595         arrange();
1596 }
1597
1598 void
1599 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1600         unsigned int i, j;
1601
1602         if(!sel)
1603                 return;
1604         i = idxoftag(arg);
1605         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1606         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1607         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1608                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1609         arrange();
1610 }
1611
1612 void
1613 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1614         unsigned int i, j;
1615
1616         i = idxoftag(arg);
1617         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1618         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1619         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1620                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1621         arrange();
1622 }
1623
1624 void
1625 unban(Client *c) {
1626         if(!c->isbanned)
1627                 return;
1628         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1629         c->isbanned = False;
1630 }
1631
1632 void
1633 unmanage(Client *c) {
1634         XWindowChanges wc;
1635
1636         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1637         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1638         XGrabServer(dpy);
1639         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1640         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1641         detach(c);
1642         detachstack(c);
1643         if(sel == c)
1644                 focus(NULL);
1645         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1646         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1647         free(c->tags);
1648         free(c);
1649         XSync(dpy, False);
1650         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1651         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1652         arrange();
1653 }
1654
1655 void
1656 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1657         Client *c;
1658         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1659
1660         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1661                 unmanage(c);
1662 }
1663
1664 void
1665 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1666         long msize;
1667         XSizeHints size;
1668
1669         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1670                 size.flags = PSize;
1671         c->flags = size.flags;
1672         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1673                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1674                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1675         }
1676         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1677                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1678                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1679         }
1680         else
1681                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1682         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1683                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1684                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1685         }
1686         else
1687                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1688         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1689                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1690                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1691         }
1692         else
1693                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1694         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1695                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1696                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1697         }
1698         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1699                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1700                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1701         }
1702         else
1703                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1704         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1705                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1706                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1707                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1708                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1709         }
1710         else
1711                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1712         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1713                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1714 }
1715
1716 void
1717 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1718         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1719                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1720 }
1721
1722 void
1723 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1724         XWMHints *wmh;
1725
1726         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1727                 if(c == sel)
1728                         sel->isurgent = False;
1729                 else
1730                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1731                 XFree(wmh);
1732         }
1733 }
1734
1735
1736 void
1737 view(const char *arg) {
1738         unsigned int i;
1739
1740         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1741                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1742         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1743
1744         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1745                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1746                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1747                 arrange();
1748         }
1749 }
1750
1751 void
1752 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1753
1754         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1755         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1756         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1757         arrange();
1758 }
1759
1760 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1761  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1762  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1763 int
1764 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1765         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1766         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1767         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1768         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1769         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1770         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1771         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1772         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1773                 return 0;
1774         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1775                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1776         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1777 }
1778
1779 int
1780 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1781         return 0;
1782 }
1783
1784 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1785  * is already running. */
1786 int
1787 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1788         otherwm = True;
1789         return -1;
1790 }
1791
1792 void
1793 zoom(const char *arg) {
1794         Client *c = sel;
1795
1796         if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1797                 return;
1798         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1799                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1800                         return;
1801         detach(c);
1802         attach(c);
1803         focus(c);
1804         arrange();
1805 }
1806
1807 int
1808 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1809         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1810                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1811         else if(argc != 1)
1812                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1813
1814         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1815         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1816                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1817
1818         checkotherwm();
1819         setup();
1820         scan();
1821         run();
1822         cleanup();
1823
1824         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1825         return 0;
1826 }