dwm.c

   1 //#define XINULATOR /* debug, simulates dual head */
   2 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   3  *
   4  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   5  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   6  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   7  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   8  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   9  *
  10  * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
  11  * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
  12  * in O(1) time.
  13  *
  14  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  15  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  16  * linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  17  * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  18  * client.
  19  *
  20  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  21  *
  22  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  23  */
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <locale.h>
  26 #include <stdarg.h>
  27 #include <signal.h>
  28 #include <stdio.h>
  29 #include <stdlib.h>
  30 #include <string.h>
  31 #include <unistd.h>
  32 #include <sys/types.h>
  33 #include <sys/wait.h>
  34 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  35 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  36 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  37 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  40 #ifdef XINERAMA
  41 #include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  42 #endif /* XINERAMA */
  43
  44 /* macros */
  45 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  46 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  47 #define INRECT(X,Y,RX,RY,RW,RH) ((X) >= (RX) && (X) < (RX) + (RW) && (Y) >= (RY) && (Y) < (RY) + (RH))
  48 #define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
  49 #define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
  50 #define MAX(A, B)               ((A) > (B) ? (A) : (B))
  51 #define MIN(A, B)               ((A) < (B) ? (A) : (B))
  52 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  53 #define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
  54 #define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
  55 #define TAGMASK                 ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  56 #define TEXTW(X)                (textnw(X, strlen(X)) + dc.font.height)
  57
  58 /* enums */
  59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMLast };        /* default atoms */
  63 enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64        ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66 typedef union {
  67         int i;
  68         unsigned int ui;
  69         float f;
  70         void *v;
  71 } Arg;
  72
  73 typedef struct {
  74         unsigned int click;
  75         unsigned int mask;
  76         unsigned int button;
  77         void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  78         const Arg arg;
  79 } Button;
  80
  81 typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
  82 typedef struct Client Client;
  83 struct Client {
  84         char name[256];
  85         float mina, maxa;
  86         int x, y, w, h;
  87         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  88         int bw, oldbw;
  89         unsigned int tags;
  90         Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  91         Client *next;
  92         Client *snext;
  93         Monitor *mon;
  94         Window win;
  95 };
  96
  97 typedef struct {
  98         int x, y, w, h;
  99         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
 100         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
 101         Drawable drawable;
 102         GC gc;
 103         struct {
 104                 int ascent;
 105                 int descent;
 106                 int height;
 107                 XFontSet set;
 108                 XFontStruct *xfont;
 109         } font;
 110 } DC; /* draw context */
 111
 112 typedef struct {
 113         unsigned int mod;
 114         KeySym keysym;
 115         void (*func)(const Arg *);
 116         const Arg arg;
 117 } Key;
 118
 119 typedef struct {
 120         const char *symbol;
 121         void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
 122 } Layout;
 123
 124 struct Monitor {
 125         int screen_number;
 126         float mfact;
 127         int by, btx;          /* bar geometry */
 128         int my, mh;           /* vertical screen size*/
 129         int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
 130         unsigned int seltags;
 131         unsigned int sellt;
 132         unsigned int tagset[2];
 133         Bool showbar;
 134         Bool topbar;
 135         Client *clients;
 136         Client *sel;
 137         Client *stack;
 138         Monitor *next;
 139         Window barwin;
 140 };
 141
 142 typedef struct {
 143         const char *class;
 144         const char *instance;
 145         const char *title;
 146         unsigned int tags;
 147         Bool isfloating;
 148 } Rule;
 149
 150 /* function declarations */
 151 static void applyrules(Client *c);
 152 static Bool applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h);
 153 static void arrange(void);
 154 static void attach(Client *c);
 155 static void attachstack(Client *c);
 156 static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 157 static void checkotherwm(void);
 158 static void cleanup(void);
 159 static void cleanupmons(void);
 160 static void clearurgent(Client *c);
 161 static void configure(Client *c);
 162 static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 163 static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 164 static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 165 static void detach(Client *c);
 166 static void detachstack(Client *c);
 167 static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
 168 static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
 169 static void drawbars();
 170 static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 171 static void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 172 static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 173 static void expose(XEvent *e);
 174 static void focus(Client *c);
 175 static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 176 static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 177 static Client *getclient(Window w);
 178 static unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 179 static long getstate(Window w);
 180 static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 181 static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 182 static void grabkeys(void);
 183 static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 184 static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 185 static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 186 static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 187 static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 188 static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 189 static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 190 static void monocle(Monitor *m);
 191 static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 192 static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 193 static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 194 static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 195 static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 196 static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 197 static void restack(Monitor *m);
 198 static void run(void);
 199 static void scan(void);
 200 static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 201 static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 202 static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 203 static void setup(void);
 204 static void showhide(Client *c);
 205 static void sigchld(int signal);
 206 static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 207 static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 208 static int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 209 static void tile(Monitor *);
 210 static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 211 static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 212 static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 213 static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 214 static void unfocus(Client *c);
 215 static void unmanage(Client *c);
 216 static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 217 static void updategeom(void);
 218 static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
 219 static void updatebars(void);
 220 static void updatenumlockmask(void);
 221 static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 222 static void updatestatus(void);
 223 static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 224 static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 225 static void view(const Arg *arg);
 226 static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 227 static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 228 static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 229 static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 230 #ifdef XINERAMA
 231 static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
 232 static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
 233 #endif /* XINERAMA */
 234
 235 /* variables */
 236 static char stext[256];
 237 static int screen;
 238 static int sx, sy, sw, sh;   /* X display screen geometry x, y, width, height */
 239 static int bh, blw = 0;      /* bar geometry */
 240 static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 241 static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 242 static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 243         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 244         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 245         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 246         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 247         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 248         [Expose] = expose,
 249         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 250         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 251         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 252         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 253         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 254         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 255 };
 256 static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 257 static Bool otherwm;
 258 static Bool running = True;
 259 static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 260 static Display *dpy;
 261 static DC dc;
 262 static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 263 static Monitor *mons = NULL, *selmon = NULL;
 264 static Window root;
 265 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 266 #include "config.h"
 267
 268 /* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
 269 struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(unsigned int) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 270
 271 /* function implementations */
 272 void
 273 applyrules(Client *c) {
 274         unsigned int i;
 275         Rule *r;
 276         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 277
 278         /* rule matching */
 279         c->isfloating = c->tags = 0;
 280         if(XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch)) {
 281                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 282                         r = &rules[i];
 283                         if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 284                         && (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 285                         && (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 286                                 c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 287                                 c->tags |= r->tags;
 288                         }
 289                 }
 290                 if(ch.res_class)
 291                         XFree(ch.res_class);
 292                 if(ch.res_name)
 293                         XFree(ch.res_name);
 294         }
 295         c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
 296 }
 297
 298 Bool
 299 applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h) {
 300         Bool baseismin;
 301
 302         /* set minimum possible */
 303         *w = MAX(1, *w);
 304         *h = MAX(1, *h);
 305
 306         if(*x > sx + sw)
 307                 *x = sw - WIDTH(c);
 308         if(*y > sy + sh)
 309                 *y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
 310         if(*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
 311                 *x = sx;
 312         if(*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
 313                 *y = sy;
 314         if(*h < bh)
 315                 *h = bh;
 316         if(*w < bh)
 317                 *w = bh;
 318
 319         if(resizehints || c->isfloating) {
 320                 /* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
 321                 baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
 322
 323                 if(!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
 324                         *w -= c->basew;
 325                         *h -= c->baseh;
 326                 }
 327
 328                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
 329                 if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
 330                         if(c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
 331                                 *w = *h * c->maxa;
 332                         else if(c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
 333                                 *h = *w * c->mina;
 334                 }
 335
 336                 if(baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
 337                         *w -= c->basew;
 338                         *h -= c->baseh;
 339                 }
 340
 341                 /* adjust for increment value */
 342                 if(c->incw)
 343                         *w -= *w % c->incw;
 344                 if(c->inch)
 345                         *h -= *h % c->inch;
 346
 347                 /* restore base dimensions */
 348                 *w += c->basew;
 349                 *h += c->baseh;
 350
 351                 *w = MAX(*w, c->minw);
 352                 *h = MAX(*h, c->minh);
 353
 354                 if(c->maxw)
 355                         *w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
 356
 357                 if(c->maxh)
 358                         *h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
 359         }
 360         return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
 361 }
 362
 363 void
 364 arrange(void) {
 365         Monitor *m;
 366
 367         /* optimise two loops into one, check focus(NULL) */
 368         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 369                 showhide(m->stack);
 370         focus(NULL);
 371         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
 372                 if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
 373                         lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
 374                 restack(m);
 375         }
 376 }
 377
 378 void
 379 attach(Client *c) {
 380         c->next = c->mon->clients;
 381         c->mon->clients = c;
 382 }
 383
 384 void
 385 attachstack(Client *c) {
 386         c->snext = c->mon->stack;
 387         c->mon->stack = c;
 388 }
 389
 390 void
 391 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 392         unsigned int i, x, click;
 393         Arg arg = {0};
 394         Client *c;
 395         Monitor *m;
 396         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 397
 398         click = ClkRootWin;
 399         /* focus monitor if necessary */
 400         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 401                 if(ev->window == m->barwin) {
 402                         if(m != selmon) {
 403                                 unfocus(selmon->stack);
 404                                 selmon = m;
 405                                 focus(NULL);
 406                         }
 407                         break;
 408                 }
 409         if(ev->window == selmon->barwin && ev->x >= selmon->btx) {
 410                 i = 0;
 411                 x = selmon->btx;
 412                 do
 413                         x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
 414                 while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 415                 if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 416                         click = ClkTagBar;
 417                         arg.ui = 1 << i;
 418                 }
 419                 else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 420                         click = ClkLtSymbol;
 421                 else if(ev->x > selmon->wx + selmon->ww - TEXTW(stext))
 422                         click = ClkStatusText;
 423                 else
 424                         click = ClkWinTitle;
 425         }
 426         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 427                 focus(c);
 428                 click = ClkClientWin;
 429         }
 430
 431         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 432                 if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 433                    && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 434                         buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 435 }
 436
 437 void
 438 checkotherwm(void) {
 439         otherwm = False;
 440         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 441
 442         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 443         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 444         XSync(dpy, False);
 445         if(otherwm)
 446                 die("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 447         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 448         XSync(dpy, False);
 449 }
 450
 451 void
 452 cleanup(void) {
 453         Arg a = {.ui = ~0};
 454         Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 455         Monitor *m;
 456
 457         view(&a);
 458         lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
 459
 460         /* TODO: consider simplifying cleanup code of the stack, perhaps do that in cleanmons() ? */
 461         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 462                 while(m->stack)
 463                         unmanage(m->stack);
 464         if(dc.font.set)
 465                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 466         else
 467                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 468         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 469         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 470         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 471         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 472         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 473         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 474         cleanupmons();
 475         XSync(dpy, False);
 476         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 477 }
 478
 479 void
 480 cleanupmons(void) {
 481         Monitor *m;
 482
 483         while(mons) {
 484                 m = mons->next;
 485                 XUnmapWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 486                 XDestroyWindow(dpy, mons->barwin);
 487                 free(mons);
 488                 mons = m;
 489         }
 490 }
 491
 492 void
 493 clearurgent(Client *c) {
 494         XWMHints *wmh;
 495
 496         c->isurgent = False;
 497         if(!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
 498                 return;
 499         wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
 500         XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
 501         XFree(wmh);
 502 }
 503
 504 void
 505 configure(Client *c) {
 506         XConfigureEvent ce;
 507
 508         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 509         ce.display = dpy;
 510         ce.event = c->win;
 511         ce.window = c->win;
 512         ce.x = c->x;
 513         ce.y = c->y;
 514         ce.width = c->w;
 515         ce.height = c->h;
 516         ce.border_width = c->bw;
 517         ce.above = None;
 518         ce.override_redirect = False;
 519         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 520 }
 521
 522 void
 523 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 524         Monitor *m;
 525         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 526
 527         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 528                 sw = ev->width;
 529                 sh = ev->height;
 530                 updategeom();
 531                 if(dc.drawable != 0)
 532                         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 533                 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 534                 updatebars();
 535                 for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 536                         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh);
 537                 arrange();
 538         }
 539 }
 540
 541 void
 542 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 543         Client *c;
 544         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 545         XWindowChanges wc;
 546
 547         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 548                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 549                         c->bw = ev->border_width;
 550                 else if(c->isfloating || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
 551                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 552                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 553                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 554                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 555                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 556                                 c->w = ev->width;
 557                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 558                                 c->h = ev->height;
 559                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 560                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 561                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 562                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 563                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 564                                 configure(c);
 565                         if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 566                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 567                 }
 568                 else
 569                         configure(c);
 570         }
 571         else {
 572                 wc.x = ev->x;
 573                 wc.y = ev->y;
 574                 wc.width = ev->width;
 575                 wc.height = ev->height;
 576                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 577                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 578                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 579                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 580         }
 581         XSync(dpy, False);
 582 }
 583
 584 void
 585 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 586         Client *c;
 587         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 588
 589         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 590                 unmanage(c);
 591 }
 592
 593 void
 594 detach(Client *c) {
 595         Client **tc;
 596
 597         for(tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
 598         *tc = c->next;
 599 }
 600
 601 void
 602 detachstack(Client *c) {
 603         Client **tc;
 604
 605         for(tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 606         *tc = c->snext;
 607 }
 608
 609 void
 610 die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 611         va_list ap;
 612
 613         va_start(ap, errstr);
 614         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 615         va_end(ap);
 616         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 617 }
 618
 619 void
 620 drawbar(Monitor *m) {
 621         int x;
 622         unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0;
 623         unsigned long *col;
 624         Client *c;
 625
 626         for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
 627                 occ |= c->tags;
 628                 if(c->isurgent)
 629                         urg |= c->tags;
 630         }
 631
 632         dc.x = 0;
 633 #ifdef XINERAMA
 634         {
 635                 char buf[2];
 636                 buf[0] = m->screen_number + '0';
 637                 buf[1] = '\0';
 638                 dc.w = TEXTW(buf);
 639                 drawtext(buf, selmon == m ? dc.sel : dc.norm, True);
 640                 dc.x += dc.w;
 641         }
 642 #endif /* XINERAMA */
 643         m->btx = dc.x;
 644         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 645                 dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 646                 col = m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 647                 drawtext(tags[i], col, urg & 1 << i);
 648                 drawsquare(m == selmon && selmon->sel && selmon->sel->tags & 1 << i,
 649                            occ & 1 << i, urg & 1 << i, col);
 650                 dc.x += dc.w;
 651         }
 652         if(blw > 0) {
 653                 dc.w = blw;
 654                 drawtext(lt[m->sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 655                 x = dc.x + dc.w;
 656         }
 657         else
 658                 x = dc.x;
 659         if(m == selmon) { /* status is only drawn on selected monitor */
 660                 dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 661                 dc.x = m->ww - dc.w;
 662                 if(dc.x < x) {
 663                         dc.x = x;
 664                         dc.w = m->ww - x;
 665                 }
 666                 drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 667         }
 668         else {
 669                 dc.x = m->ww;
 670         }
 671         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 672                 dc.x = x;
 673                 if(m->sel) {
 674                         col = m == selmon ? dc.sel : dc.norm;
 675                         drawtext(m->sel->name, col, False);
 676                         drawsquare(m->sel->isfixed, m->sel->isfloating, False, col);
 677                 }
 678                 else
 679                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 680         }
 681         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, m->barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, m->ww, bh, 0, 0);
 682         XSync(dpy, False);
 683 }
 684
 685 void
 686 drawbars() {
 687         Monitor *m;
 688
 689         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 690                 drawbar(m);
 691 }
 692
 693 void
 694 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 695         int x;
 696         XGCValues gcv;
 697         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 698
 699         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 700         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 701         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 702         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 703         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 704         if(filled) {
 705                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 706                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 707         }
 708         else if(empty) {
 709                 r.width = r.height = x;
 710                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 711         }
 712 }
 713
 714 void
 715 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 716         char buf[256];
 717         int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 718         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 719
 720         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 721         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 722         if(!text)
 723                 return;
 724         olen = strlen(text);
 725         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 726         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 727         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 728         /* shorten text if necessary */
 729         for(len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf); len && textnw(text, len) > dc.w - h; len--);
 730         if(!len)
 731                 return;
 732         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 733         if(len < olen)
 734                 for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 735         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 736         if(dc.font.set)
 737                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 738         else
 739                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 740 }
 741
 742 void
 743 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 744         Client *c;
 745         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 746
 747         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 748                 return;
 749         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 750                 focus(c);
 751         else
 752                 focus(NULL);
 753 }
 754
 755 void
 756 expose(XEvent *e) {
 757         Monitor *m;
 758         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 759
 760         if(ev->count == 0)
 761                 for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 762                         if(ev->window == m->barwin) {
 763                                 drawbar(m);
 764                                 break;
 765                         }
 766 }
 767
 768 void
 769 focus(Client *c) {
 770         if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 771                 for(c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 772         if(selmon->sel)
 773                 unfocus(selmon->sel);
 774         if(c) {
 775                 if(c->mon != selmon)
 776                         selmon = c->mon;
 777                 if(c->isurgent)
 778                         clearurgent(c);
 779                 detachstack(c);
 780                 attachstack(c);
 781                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 782                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 783                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 784         }
 785         else
 786                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 787         selmon->sel = c;
 788         drawbars();
 789 }
 790
 791 void
 792 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 793         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 794
 795         if(selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
 796                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, selmon->sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 797 }
 798
 799 #ifdef XINERAMA
 800 void
 801 focusmon(const Arg *arg) {
 802         unsigned int i;
 803         Monitor *m;
 804
 805         for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
 806                 if(i == arg->ui) {
 807                         if(m == selmon)
 808                                 return;
 809                         unfocus(selmon->sel);
 810                         selmon = m;
 811                         focus(NULL);
 812                         drawbars();
 813                         break;
 814                 }
 815 }
 816 #endif /* XINERAMA */
 817
 818 void
 819 focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 820         Client *c = NULL, *i;
 821
 822         if(!selmon->sel)
 823                 return;
 824         if(arg->i > 0) {
 825                 for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 826                 if(!c)
 827                         for(c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 828         }
 829         else {
 830                 for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
 831                         if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 832                                 c = i;
 833                 if(!c)
 834                         for(; i; i = i->next)
 835                                 if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 836                                         c = i;
 837         }
 838         if(c) {
 839                 focus(c);
 840                 restack(selmon);
 841         }
 842 }
 843
 844 Client *
 845 getclient(Window w) {
 846         Client *c;
 847         Monitor *m;
 848
 849         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next)
 850                 for(c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
 851                         if(c->win == w)
 852                                 return c;
 853         return NULL;
 854 }
 855
 856 unsigned long
 857 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 858         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 859         XColor color;
 860
 861         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 862                 die("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 863         return color.pixel;
 864 }
 865
 866 long
 867 getstate(Window w) {
 868         int format, status;
 869         long result = -1;
 870         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 871         unsigned long n, extra;
 872         Atom real;
 873
 874         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 875                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 876         if(status != Success)
 877                 return -1;
 878         if(n != 0)
 879                 result = *p;
 880         XFree(p);
 881         return result;
 882 }
 883
 884 Bool
 885 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 886         char **list = NULL;
 887         int n;
 888         XTextProperty name;
 889
 890         if(!text || size == 0)
 891                 return False;
 892         text[0] = '\0';
 893         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 894         if(!name.nitems)
 895                 return False;
 896         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 897                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 898         else {
 899                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 900                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 901                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 902                         XFreeStringList(list);
 903                 }
 904         }
 905         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 906         XFree(name.value);
 907         return True;
 908 }
 909
 910 void
 911 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 912         updatenumlockmask();
 913         {
 914                 unsigned int i, j;
 915                 unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 916                 XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 917                 if(focused) {
 918                         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 919                                 if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 920                                         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 921                                                 XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
 922                                                             buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
 923                                                             c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 924                                                             GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 925                 } else
 926                         XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 927                                     BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 928         }
 929 }
 930
 931 void
 932 grabkeys(void) {
 933         updatenumlockmask();
 934         { /* grab keys */
 935                 unsigned int i, j;
 936                 unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 937                 KeyCode code;
 938
 939                 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 940                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 941                         if((code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym)))
 942                                 for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 943                                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | modifiers[j], root,
 944                                                  True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 945                 }
 946         }
 947 }
 948
 949 void
 950 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 951         char *def, **missing;
 952         int i, n;
 953
 954         missing = NULL;
 955         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 956         if(missing) {
 957                 while(n--)
 958                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 959                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 960         }
 961         if(dc.font.set) {
 962                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 963                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 964                 char **font_names;
 965                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 966                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 967                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 968                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 969                         dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 970                         dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 971                         xfonts++;
 972                 }
 973         }
 974         else {
 975                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 976                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 977                         die("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 978                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 979                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 980         }
 981         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 982 }
 983
 984 Bool
 985 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 986         int i, n;
 987         Atom *protocols;
 988         Bool ret = False;
 989
 990         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 991                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 992                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 993                                 ret = True;
 994                 XFree(protocols);
 995         }
 996         return ret;
 997 }
 998
 999 void
1000 keypress(XEvent *e) {
1001         unsigned int i;
1002         KeySym keysym;
1003         XKeyEvent *ev;
1004
1005         ev = &e->xkey;
1006         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
1007         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
1008                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
1009                    && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
1010                    && keys[i].func)
1011                         keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
1012 }
1013
1014 void
1015 killclient(const Arg *arg) {
1016         XEvent ev;
1017
1018         if(!selmon->sel)
1019                 return;
1020         if(isprotodel(selmon->sel)) {
1021                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
1022                 ev.xclient.window = selmon->sel->win;
1023                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1024                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
1025                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1026                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1027                 XSendEvent(dpy, selmon->sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1028         }
1029         else
1030                 XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
1031 }
1032
1033 void
1034 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1035         static Client cz;
1036         Client *c, *t = NULL;
1037         Window trans = None;
1038         XWindowChanges wc;
1039
1040         if(!(c = malloc(sizeof(Client))))
1041                 die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
1042         *c = cz;
1043         c->win = w;
1044         c->mon = selmon;
1045
1046         /* geometry */
1047         c->x = wa->x;
1048         c->y = wa->y;
1049         c->w = wa->width;
1050         c->h = wa->height;
1051         c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1052         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1053                 c->x = sx;
1054                 c->y = sy;
1055                 c->bw = 0;
1056         }
1057         else {
1058                 if(c->x + WIDTH(c) > sx + sw)
1059                         c->x = sx + sw - WIDTH(c);
1060                 if(c->y + HEIGHT(c) > sy + sh)
1061                         c->y = sy + sh - HEIGHT(c);
1062                 c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
1063                 /* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
1064                 c->y = MAX(c->y, ((c->mon->by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= c->mon->wx)
1065                            && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)) ? bh : sy);
1066                 c->bw = borderpx;
1067         }
1068
1069         wc.border_width = c->bw;
1070         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1071         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1072         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1073         updatesizehints(c);
1074         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1075         grabbuttons(c, False);
1076         updatetitle(c);
1077         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans))
1078                 t = getclient(trans);
1079         if(t)
1080                 c->tags = t->tags;
1081         else
1082                 applyrules(c);
1083         if(!c->isfloating)
1084                 c->isfloating = trans != None || c->isfixed;
1085         if(c->isfloating)
1086                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
1087         attach(c);
1088         attachstack(c);
1089         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1090         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1091         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1092         arrange();
1093 }
1094
1095 void
1096 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1097         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1098
1099         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1100         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1101                 grabkeys();
1102 }
1103
1104 void
1105 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1106         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1107         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1108
1109         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1110                 return;
1111         if(wa.override_redirect)
1112                 return;
1113         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1114                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1115 }
1116
1117 void
1118 monocle(Monitor *m) {
1119         Client *c;
1120
1121         for(c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1122                 resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1123 }
1124
1125 void
1126 movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1127         int x, y, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1128         unsigned int dui;
1129         Client *c;
1130         Window dummy;
1131         XEvent ev;
1132
1133         if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1134                 return;
1135         restack(selmon);
1136         ocx = c->x;
1137         ocy = c->y;
1138         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1139         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1140                 return;
1141         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui);
1142         do {
1143                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1144                 switch (ev.type) {
1145                 case ConfigureRequest:
1146                 case Expose:
1147                 case MapRequest:
1148                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1149                         break;
1150                 case MotionNotify:
1151                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
1152                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
1153                         if(snap && nx >= selmon->wx && nx <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1154                                 && ny >= selmon->wy && ny <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1155                                 if(abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
1156                                         nx = selmon->wx;
1157                                 else if(abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
1158                                         nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
1159                                 if(abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
1160                                         ny = selmon->wy;
1161                                 else if(abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
1162                                         ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
1163                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1164                                                   && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1165                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1166                         }
1167                         if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1168                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h);
1169                         break;
1170                 }
1171         }
1172         while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1173         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1174 }
1175
1176 Client *
1177 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1178         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1179         return c;
1180 }
1181
1182 void
1183 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1184         Client *c;
1185         Window trans;
1186         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1187
1188         if((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME))
1189                 updatestatus();
1190         else if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1191                 return; /* ignore */
1192         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1193                 switch (ev->atom) {
1194                 default: break;
1195                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1196                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1197                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1198                                 arrange();
1199                         break;
1200                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1201                         updatesizehints(c);
1202                         break;
1203                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1204                         updatewmhints(c);
1205                         drawbars();
1206                         break;
1207                 }
1208                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1209                         updatetitle(c);
1210                         if(c == selmon->sel)
1211                                 drawbars();
1212                 }
1213         }
1214 }
1215
1216 void
1217 quit(const Arg *arg) {
1218         running = False;
1219 }
1220
1221 void
1222 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1223         XWindowChanges wc;
1224
1225         if(applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h)) {
1226                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1227                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1228                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1229                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1230                 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1231                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1232                 configure(c);
1233                 XSync(dpy, False);
1234         }
1235 }
1236
1237 void
1238 resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1239         int ocx, ocy;
1240         int nw, nh;
1241         Client *c;
1242         XEvent ev;
1243
1244         if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1245                 return;
1246         restack(selmon);
1247         ocx = c->x;
1248         ocy = c->y;
1249         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1250         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1251                 return;
1252         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1253         do {
1254                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1255                 switch(ev.type) {
1256                 case ConfigureRequest:
1257                 case Expose:
1258                 case MapRequest:
1259                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1260                         break;
1261                 case MotionNotify:
1262                         nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1263                         nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1264
1265                         if(snap && nw >= selmon->wx && nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
1266                                 && nh >= selmon->wy && nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh) {
1267                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
1268                                    && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1269                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1270                         }
1271                         if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1272                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh);
1273                         break;
1274                 }
1275         }
1276         while(ev.type != ButtonRelease);
1277         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1278         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1279         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1280 }
1281
1282 void
1283 restack(Monitor *m) {
1284         Client *c;
1285         XEvent ev;
1286         XWindowChanges wc;
1287
1288         drawbars();
1289         if(!m->sel)
1290                 return;
1291         if(m->sel->isfloating || !lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
1292                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
1293         if(lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
1294                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1295                 wc.sibling = m->barwin;
1296                 for(c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
1297                         if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1298                                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1299                                 wc.sibling = c->win;
1300                         }
1301         }
1302         XSync(dpy, False);
1303         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1304 }
1305
1306 void
1307 run(void) {
1308         XEvent ev;
1309
1310         /* main event loop */
1311         XSync(dpy, False);
1312         while(running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev)) {
1313                 if(handler[ev.type])
1314                         (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1315         }
1316 }
1317
1318 void
1319 scan(void) {
1320         unsigned int i, num;
1321         Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
1322         XWindowAttributes wa;
1323
1324         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1325                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1326                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1327                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1328                                 continue;
1329                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1330                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1331                 }
1332                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1333                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1334                                 continue;
1335                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1336                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1337                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1338                 }
1339                 if(wins)
1340                         XFree(wins);
1341         }
1342 }
1343
1344 void
1345 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1346         long data[] = {state, None};
1347
1348         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1349                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1350 }
1351
1352 void
1353 setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1354         if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[selmon->sellt])
1355                 selmon->sellt ^= 1;
1356         if(arg && arg->v)
1357                 lt[selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1358         if(selmon->sel)
1359                 arrange();
1360         else
1361                 drawbars();
1362 }
1363
1364 /* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1365 void
1366 setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1367         float f;
1368
1369         if(!arg || !lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
1370                 return;
1371         f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1372         if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1373                 return;
1374         selmon->mfact = f;
1375         arrange();
1376 }
1377
1378 void
1379 setup(void) {
1380         unsigned int i;
1381         int w;
1382         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1383
1384         /* init screen */
1385         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1386         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1387         initfont(font);
1388         sx = 0;
1389         sy = 0;
1390         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1391         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1392         bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1393         lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1394         lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1395         updategeom();
1396
1397         /* init atoms */
1398         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1399         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1400         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1401         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1402         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1403
1404         /* init cursors */
1405         cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1406         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1407         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1408
1409         /* init appearance */
1410         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1411         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1412         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1413         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1414         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1415         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1416         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1417         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, NULL);
1418         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1419         if(!dc.font.set)
1420                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1421
1422         /* init bars */
1423         for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1424                 w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1425                 blw = MAX(blw, w);
1426         }
1427         updatebars();
1428         updatestatus();
1429
1430         /* EWMH support per view */
1431         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1432                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1433
1434         /* select for events */
1435         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1436         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1437                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask
1438                         |PropertyChangeMask;
1439         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1440         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1441
1442         grabkeys();
1443 }
1444
1445 void
1446 showhide(Client *c) {
1447         if(!c)
1448                 return;
1449         if(ISVISIBLE(c)) { /* show clients top down */
1450                 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1451                 if(!lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1452                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
1453                 showhide(c->snext);
1454         }
1455         else { /* hide clients bottom up */
1456                 showhide(c->snext);
1457                 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
1458         }
1459 }
1460
1461
1462 void
1463 sigchld(int signal) {
1464         while(0 < waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG));
1465 }
1466
1467 void
1468 spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1469         signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
1470         if(fork() == 0) {
1471                 if(dpy)
1472                         close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1473                 setsid();
1474                 execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1475                 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1476                 perror(" failed");
1477                 exit(0);
1478         }
1479 }
1480
1481 void
1482 tag(const Arg *arg) {
1483         if(selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1484                 selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1485                 arrange();
1486         }
1487 }
1488
1489 #ifdef XINERAMA
1490 void
1491 tagmon(const Arg *arg) {
1492         unsigned int i;
1493         Client *c;
1494         Monitor *m;
1495
1496         if(!(c = selmon->sel))
1497                 return;
1498         for(i = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, i++)
1499                 if(i == arg->ui) {
1500                         detach(c);
1501                         detachstack(c);
1502                         c->mon = m;
1503                         c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
1504                         attach(c);
1505                         attachstack(c);
1506                         focus(NULL);
1507                         arrange();
1508                         break;
1509                 }
1510 }
1511 #endif /* XINERAMA */
1512
1513 int
1514 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1515         XRectangle r;
1516
1517         if(dc.font.set) {
1518                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1519                 return r.width;
1520         }
1521         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1522 }
1523
1524 void
1525 tile(Monitor *m) {
1526         int x, y, h, w, mw;
1527         unsigned int i, n;
1528         Client *c;
1529
1530         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1531         if(n == 0)
1532                 return;
1533
1534         /* master */
1535         c = nexttiled(m->clients);
1536         mw = m->mfact * m->ww;
1537         resize(c, m->wx, m->wy, (n == 1 ? m->ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, m->wh - 2 * c->bw);
1538
1539         if(--n == 0)
1540                 return;
1541
1542         /* tile stack */
1543         x = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : m->wx + mw;
1544         y = m->wy;
1545         w = (m->wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? m->wx + m->ww - x : m->ww - mw;
1546         h = m->wh / n;
1547         if(h < bh)
1548                 h = m->wh;
1549
1550         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1551                 resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1552                        ? m->wy + m->wh - y - 2 * c->bw : h - 2 * c->bw));
1553                 if(h != m->wh)
1554                         y = c->y + HEIGHT(c);
1555         }
1556 }
1557
1558 void
1559 togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1560         selmon->showbar = !selmon->showbar;
1561         updatebarpos(selmon);
1562         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, selmon->barwin, selmon->wx, selmon->by, selmon->ww, bh);
1563         arrange();
1564 }
1565
1566 void
1567 togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1568         if(!selmon->sel)
1569                 return;
1570         selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
1571         if(selmon->sel->isfloating)
1572                 resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y, selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h);
1573         arrange();
1574 }
1575
1576 void
1577 toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1578         unsigned int mask;
1579
1580         if(!selmon->sel)
1581                 return;
1582
1583         mask = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1584         if(mask) {
1585                 selmon->sel->tags = mask;
1586                 arrange();
1587         }
1588 }
1589
1590 void
1591 toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1592         unsigned int mask = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1593
1594         if(mask) {
1595                 selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = mask;
1596                 arrange();
1597         }
1598 }
1599
1600 void
1601 unfocus(Client *c) {
1602         if(!c)
1603                 return;
1604         grabbuttons(c, False);
1605         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1606         XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
1607 }
1608
1609 void
1610 unmanage(Client *c) {
1611         XWindowChanges wc;
1612
1613         wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1614         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1615         XGrabServer(dpy);
1616         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1617         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1618         detach(c);
1619         detachstack(c);
1620         if(c->mon->sel == c) {
1621                 /* TODO: consider separate the next code into a function or into detachstack? */
1622                 Client *tc;
1623                 for(tc = c->mon->stack; tc && !ISVISIBLE(tc); tc = tc->snext);
1624                 c->mon->sel = tc;
1625                 focus(NULL);
1626         }
1627         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1628         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1629         free(c);
1630         XSync(dpy, False);
1631         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1632         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1633         arrange();
1634 }
1635
1636 void
1637 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1638         Client *c;
1639         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1640
1641         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1642                 unmanage(c);
1643 }
1644
1645 void
1646 updatebars(void) {
1647         Monitor *m;
1648         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1649
1650         wa.override_redirect = True;
1651         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1652         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1653
1654         for(m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
1655                 m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, m->ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1656
1657                                           CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1658                                           CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1659                 XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1660                 XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
1661         }
1662 }
1663
1664 void
1665 updatebarpos(Monitor *m) {
1666         m->wy = m->my;
1667         m->wh = m->mh;
1668         if(m->showbar) {
1669                 m->wh -= bh;
1670                 m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
1671                 m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
1672         }
1673         else
1674                 m->by = -bh;
1675 }
1676
1677 void
1678 updategeom(void) {
1679         int i, di, n = 1, x, y;
1680         unsigned int dui;
1681         Client *c;
1682         Monitor *newmons = NULL, *m, *tm;
1683         Window dummy;
1684
1685 #ifdef XINULATOR
1686         n = 2;
1687 #elif defined(XINERAMA)
1688         XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1689
1690         if(XineramaIsActive(dpy))
1691                 info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &n);
1692 #endif
1693         /* allocate monitor(s) for the new geometry setup */
1694         for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1695                 m = (Monitor *)malloc(sizeof(Monitor));
1696                 m->next = newmons;
1697                 newmons = m;
1698         }
1699
1700         /* initialise monitor(s) */
1701 #ifdef XINULATOR
1702         if(1) {
1703                 m = newmons;
1704                 m->screen_number = 0;
1705                 m->wx = sx;
1706                 m->my = m->wy = sy;
1707                 m->ww = sw;
1708                 m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1709                 m = newmons->next;
1710                 m->screen_number = 1;
1711                 m->wx = sx;
1712                 m->my = m->wy = sy + sh / 2;
1713                 m->ww = sw;
1714                 m->mh = m->wh = sh / 2;
1715         }
1716         else
1717 #elif defined(XINERAMA)
1718         if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1719                 for(i = 0, m = newmons; m; m = m->next, i++) {
1720                         m->screen_number = info[i].screen_number;
1721                         m->wx = info[i].x_org;
1722                         m->my = m->wy = info[i].y_org;
1723                         m->ww = info[i].width;
1724                         m->mh = m->wh = info[i].height;
1725                 }
1726                 XFree(info);
1727         }
1728         else
1729 #endif
1730         /* default monitor setup */
1731         {
1732                 m->screen_number = 0;
1733                 m->wx = sx;
1734                 m->my = m->wy = sy;
1735                 m->ww = sw;
1736                 m->mh = m->wh = sh;
1737         }
1738
1739         /* bar geometry setup */
1740         for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next) {
1741                 /* TODO: consider removing the following values from config.h */
1742                 m->clients = NULL;
1743                 m->sel = NULL;
1744                 m->stack = NULL;
1745                 m->seltags = 0;
1746                 m->sellt = 0;
1747                 m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
1748                 m->mfact = mfact;
1749                 m->showbar = showbar;
1750                 m->topbar = topbar;
1751                 updatebarpos(m);
1752         }
1753
1754         /* reassign left over clients of disappeared monitors */
1755         for(tm = mons; tm; tm = tm->next)
1756                 while(tm->clients) {
1757                         c = tm->clients;
1758                         tm->clients = c->next;
1759                         detachstack(c);
1760                         c->mon = newmons;
1761                         attach(c);
1762                         attachstack(c);
1763                 }
1764
1765         /* select focused monitor */
1766         selmon = newmons;
1767         if(XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x, &y, &di, &di, &dui))
1768                 for(m = newmons; m; m = m->next)
1769                         if(INRECT(x, y, m->wx, m->wy, m->ww, m->wh)) {
1770                                 selmon = m;
1771                                 break;
1772                         }
1773
1774         /* final assignment of new monitors */
1775         cleanupmons();
1776         mons = newmons;
1777 }
1778
1779 void
1780 updatenumlockmask(void) {
1781         unsigned int i, j;
1782         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1783
1784         numlockmask = 0;
1785         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1786         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1787                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
1788                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1789                            == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1790                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
1791         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1792 }
1793
1794 void
1795 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1796         long msize;
1797         XSizeHints size;
1798
1799         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
1800                 /* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
1801                 size.flags = PSize;
1802         if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1803                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1804                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1805         }
1806         else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1807                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1808                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1809         }
1810         else
1811                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1812         if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1813                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1814                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1815         }
1816         else
1817                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1818         if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1819                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1820                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1821         }
1822         else
1823                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1824         if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1825                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1826                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1827         }
1828         else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1829                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1830                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1831         }
1832         else
1833                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1834         if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1835                 c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1836                 c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1837         }
1838         else
1839                 c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1840         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1841                      && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1842 }
1843
1844 void
1845 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1846         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1847                 gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
1848 }
1849
1850 void
1851 updatestatus() {
1852         if(!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext)))
1853                 strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1854         drawbar(selmon);
1855 }
1856
1857 void
1858 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1859         XWMHints *wmh;
1860
1861         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1862                 if(c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
1863                         wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
1864                         XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
1865                 }
1866                 else
1867                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1868
1869                 XFree(wmh);
1870         }
1871 }
1872
1873 void
1874 view(const Arg *arg) {
1875         if((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
1876                 return;
1877         selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1878         if(arg->ui & TAGMASK)
1879                 selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1880         arrange();
1881 }
1882
1883 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1884  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1885  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1886 int
1887 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1888         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1889         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1890         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1891         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1892         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1893         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1894         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1895         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1896         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1897                 return 0;
1898         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1899                         ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1900         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1901 }
1902
1903 int
1904 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1905         return 0;
1906 }
1907
1908 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1909  * is already running. */
1910 int
1911 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1912         otherwm = True;
1913         return -1;
1914 }
1915
1916 void
1917 zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1918         Client *c = selmon->sel;
1919
1920         if(!lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange == monocle || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating))
1921                 return;
1922         if(c == nexttiled(selmon->clients))
1923                 if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1924                         return;
1925         detach(c);
1926         attach(c);
1927         focus(c);
1928         arrange();
1929 }
1930
1931 int
1932 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1933         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1934                 die("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2009 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1935         else if(argc != 1)
1936                 die("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1937
1938         if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1939                 fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
1940
1941         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
1942                 die("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1943
1944         checkotherwm();
1945         setup();
1946         scan();
1947         run();
1948         cleanup();
1949
1950         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1951         return 0;
1952 }