dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <regex.h>
  37 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  38 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  42 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  43
  44 /* macros */
  45 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  46 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  47 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  48
  49 /* enums */
  50 enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };                        /* bar position */
  51 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  52 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  53 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  54 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56 /* typedefs */
  57 typedef struct Client Client;
  58 struct Client {
  59         char name[256];
  60         int x, y, w, h;
  61         int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
  62         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  63         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  64         long flags;
  65         unsigned int border, oldborder;
  66         Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
  67         Bool *tags;
  68         Client *next;
  69         Client *prev;
  70         Client *snext;
  71         Window win;
  72 };
  73
  74 typedef struct {
  75         int x, y, w, h;
  76         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  77         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  78         Drawable drawable;
  79         GC gc;
  80         struct {
  81                 int ascent;
  82                 int descent;
  83                 int height;
  84                 XFontSet set;
  85                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  86         } font;
  87 } DC; /* draw context */
  88
  89 typedef struct {
  90         unsigned long mod;
  91         KeySym keysym;
  92         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  93         const char *arg;
  94 } Key;
  95
  96 typedef struct {
  97         const char *symbol;
  98         void (*arrange)(void);
  99 } Layout;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         const char *prop;
 103         const char *tags;
 104         Bool isfloating;
 105 } Rule;
 106
 107 typedef struct {
 108         regex_t *propregex;
 109         regex_t *tagregex;
 110 } Regs;
 111
 112 /* function declarations */
 113 void applyrules(Client *c);
 114 void arrange(void);
 115 void attach(Client *c);
 116 void attachstack(Client *c);
 117 void ban(Client *c);
 118 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 119 void checkotherwm(void);
 120 void cleanup(void);
 121 void compileregs(void);
 122 void configure(Client *c);
 123 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 124 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 125 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 126 void detach(Client *c);
 127 void detachstack(Client *c);
 128 void drawbar(void);
 129 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 130 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 131 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 132 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 133 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 134 void expose(XEvent *e);
 135 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 136 void focus(Client *c);
 137 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 138 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 139 Client *getclient(Window w);
 140 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 141 long getstate(Window w);
 142 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 143 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 144 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 145 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 146 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 147 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 148 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 149 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 150 void killclient(const char *arg);
 151 void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 152 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 153 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 154 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 155 void movemouse(Client *c);
 156 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 157 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 158 void quit(const char *arg);
 159 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 160 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 161 void restack(void);
 162 void run(void);
 163 void scan(void);
 164 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 165 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 166 void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 167 void setup(void);
 168 void spawn(const char *arg);
 169 void tag(const char *arg);
 170 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 171 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 172 void tile(void);
 173 void togglebar(const char *arg);
 174 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 175 void togglemax(const char *arg);
 176 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 177 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 178 void unban(Client *c);
 179 void unmanage(Client *c);
 180 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 181 void updatebarpos(void);
 182 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 183 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 184 void view(const char *arg);
 185 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 186 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 187 int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 188 int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 189 void zoom(const char *arg);
 190
 191 /* variables */
 192 char stext[256];
 193 double mwfact;
 194 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 195 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 196 unsigned int bh, bpos;
 197 unsigned int blw = 0;
 198 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 199 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 200         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 201         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 202         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 203         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 204         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 205         [LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 206         [Expose] = expose,
 207         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 208         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 209         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 210         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 211         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 212 };
 213 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 214 Bool domwfact = True;
 215 Bool dozoom = True;
 216 Bool otherwm, readin;
 217 Bool running = True;
 218 Bool selscreen = True;
 219 Client *clients = NULL;
 220 Client *sel = NULL;
 221 Client *stack = NULL;
 222 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 223 Display *dpy;
 224 DC dc = {0};
 225 Layout *layout = NULL;
 226 Window barwin, root;
 227 Regs *regs = NULL;
 228
 229 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 230 #include "config.h"
 231
 232 /* function implementations */
 233 void
 234 applyrules(Client *c) {
 235         static char buf[512];
 236         unsigned int i, j;
 237         regmatch_t tmp;
 238         Bool matched = False;
 239         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 240
 241         /* rule matching */
 242         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 243         snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 244                         ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 245                         ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 246         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++)
 247                 if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 248                         c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 249                         for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < LENGTH(tags); j++) {
 250                                 if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 251                                         matched = True;
 252                                         c->tags[j] = True;
 253                                 }
 254                         }
 255                 }
 256         if(ch.res_class)
 257                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 258         if(ch.res_name)
 259                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 260         if(!matched)
 261                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
 262 }
 263
 264 void
 265 arrange(void) {
 266         Client *c;
 267
 268         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 269                 if(isvisible(c))
 270                         unban(c);
 271                 else
 272                         ban(c);
 273         layout->arrange();
 274         focus(NULL);
 275         restack();
 276 }
 277
 278 void
 279 attach(Client *c) {
 280         if(clients)
 281                 clients->prev = c;
 282         c->next = clients;
 283         clients = c;
 284 }
 285
 286 void
 287 attachstack(Client *c) {
 288         c->snext = stack;
 289         stack = c;
 290 }
 291
 292 void
 293 ban(Client *c) {
 294         if(c->isbanned)
 295                 return;
 296         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 297         c->isbanned = True;
 298 }
 299
 300 void
 301 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 302         unsigned int i, x;
 303         Client *c;
 304         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 305
 306         if(barwin == ev->window) {
 307                 x = 0;
 308                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 309                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 310                         if(ev->x < x) {
 311                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 312                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 313                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 314                                         else
 315                                                 view(tags[i]);
 316                                 }
 317                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 318                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 319                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 320                                         else
 321                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 322                                 }
 323                                 return;
 324                         }
 325                 }
 326                 if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 327                         setlayout(NULL);
 328         }
 329         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 330                 focus(c);
 331                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 332                         return;
 333                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 334                         if((floating == layout->arrange) || c->isfloating)
 335                                 restack();
 336                         else
 337                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 338                         movemouse(c);
 339                 }
 340                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 341                         if((floating != layout->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 342                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 343                         else
 344                                 zoom(NULL);
 345                 }
 346                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 347                         if((floating == layout->arrange) || c->isfloating)
 348                                 restack();
 349                         else
 350                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 351                         resizemouse(c);
 352                 }
 353         }
 354 }
 355
 356 void
 357 checkotherwm(void) {
 358         otherwm = False;
 359         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 360
 361         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 362         XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 363         XSync(dpy, False);
 364         if(otherwm)
 365                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 366         XSync(dpy, False);
 367         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 368         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 369         XSync(dpy, False);
 370 }
 371
 372 void
 373 cleanup(void) {
 374         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 375         while(stack) {
 376                 unban(stack);
 377                 unmanage(stack);
 378         }
 379         if(dc.font.set)
 380                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 381         else
 382                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 383         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 384         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 385         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 386         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 387         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 388         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 389         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 390         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 391         XSync(dpy, False);
 392 }
 393
 394 void
 395 compileregs(void) {
 396         unsigned int i;
 397         regex_t *reg;
 398
 399         if(regs)
 400                 return;
 401         regs = emallocz(LENGTH(rules) * sizeof(Regs));
 402         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 403                 if(rules[i].prop) {
 404                         reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 405                         if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 406                                 free(reg);
 407                         else
 408                                 regs[i].propregex = reg;
 409                 }
 410                 if(rules[i].tags) {
 411                         reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 412                         if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 413                                 free(reg);
 414                         else
 415                                 regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 416                 }
 417         }
 418 }
 419
 420 void
 421 configure(Client *c) {
 422         XConfigureEvent ce;
 423
 424         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 425         ce.display = dpy;
 426         ce.event = c->win;
 427         ce.window = c->win;
 428         ce.x = c->x;
 429         ce.y = c->y;
 430         ce.width = c->w;
 431         ce.height = c->h;
 432         ce.border_width = c->border;
 433         ce.above = None;
 434         ce.override_redirect = False;
 435         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 436 }
 437
 438 void
 439 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 440         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 441
 442         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 443                 sw = ev->width;
 444                 sh = ev->height;
 445                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 446                 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 447                 XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 448                 updatebarpos();
 449                 arrange();
 450         }
 451 }
 452
 453 void
 454 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 455         Client *c;
 456         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 457         XWindowChanges wc;
 458
 459         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 460                 c->ismax = False;
 461                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 462                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 463                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || (floating == layout->arrange)) {
 464                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 465                                 c->x = ev->x;
 466                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 467                                 c->y = ev->y;
 468                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 469                                 c->w = ev->width;
 470                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 471                                 c->h = ev->height;
 472                         if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 473                                 c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 474                         if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 475                                 c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 476                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 477                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 478                                 configure(c);
 479                         if(isvisible(c))
 480                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 481                 }
 482                 else
 483                         configure(c);
 484         }
 485         else {
 486                 wc.x = ev->x;
 487                 wc.y = ev->y;
 488                 wc.width = ev->width;
 489                 wc.height = ev->height;
 490                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 491                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 492                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 493                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 494         }
 495         XSync(dpy, False);
 496 }
 497
 498 void
 499 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 500         Client *c;
 501         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 502
 503         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 504                 unmanage(c);
 505 }
 506
 507 void
 508 detach(Client *c) {
 509         if(c->prev)
 510                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 511         if(c->next)
 512                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 513         if(c == clients)
 514                 clients = c->next;
 515         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 516 }
 517
 518 void
 519 detachstack(Client *c) {
 520         Client **tc;
 521
 522         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 523         *tc = c->snext;
 524 }
 525
 526 void
 527 drawbar(void) {
 528         int i, x;
 529
 530         dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 531         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 532                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 533                 if(seltags[i]) {
 534                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 535                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 536                 }
 537                 else {
 538                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 539                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 540                 }
 541                 dc.x += dc.w;
 542         }
 543         dc.w = blw;
 544         drawtext(layout->symbol, dc.norm);
 545         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 546         dc.w = textw(stext);
 547         dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 548         if(dc.x < x) {
 549                 dc.x = x;
 550                 dc.w = sw - x;
 551         }
 552         drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 553         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 554                 dc.x = x;
 555                 if(sel) {
 556                         drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 557                         drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 558                 }
 559                 else
 560                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 561         }
 562         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 563         XSync(dpy, False);
 564 }
 565
 566 void
 567 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 568         int x;
 569         XGCValues gcv;
 570         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 571
 572         gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 573         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 574         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 575         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 576         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 577         if(filled) {
 578                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 579                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 580         }
 581         else if(empty) {
 582                 r.width = r.height = x;
 583                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 584         }
 585 }
 586
 587 void
 588 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 589         int x, y, w, h;
 590         static char buf[256];
 591         unsigned int len, olen;
 592         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 593
 594         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 595         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 596         if(!text)
 597                 return;
 598         w = 0;
 599         olen = len = strlen(text);
 600         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 601                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 602         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 603         buf[len] = 0;
 604         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 605         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 606         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 607         /* shorten text if necessary */
 608         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 609                 buf[--len] = 0;
 610         if(len < olen) {
 611                 if(len > 1)
 612                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 613                 if(len > 2)
 614                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 615                 if(len > 3)
 616                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 617         }
 618         if(w > dc.w)
 619                 return; /* too long */
 620         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 621         if(dc.font.set)
 622                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 623         else
 624                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 625 }
 626
 627 void *
 628 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 629         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 630
 631         if(!res)
 632                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 633         return res;
 634 }
 635
 636 void
 637 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 638         Client *c;
 639         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 640
 641         if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 642                 return;
 643         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 644                 focus(c);
 645         else if(ev->window == root) {
 646                 selscreen = True;
 647                 focus(NULL);
 648         }
 649 }
 650
 651 void
 652 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 653         va_list ap;
 654
 655         va_start(ap, errstr);
 656         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 657         va_end(ap);
 658         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 659 }
 660
 661 void
 662 expose(XEvent *e) {
 663         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 664
 665         if(0 == ev->count) {
 666                 if(barwin == ev->window)
 667                         drawbar();
 668         }
 669 }
 670
 671 void
 672 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 673         Client *c;
 674
 675         domwfact = dozoom = False;
 676         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 677                 if(isvisible(c))
 678                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 679 }
 680
 681 void
 682 focus(Client *c) {
 683         if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 684                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 685         if(sel && sel != c) {
 686                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 687                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 688         }
 689         if(c) {
 690                 detachstack(c);
 691                 attachstack(c);
 692                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 693         }
 694         sel = c;
 695         drawbar();
 696         if(!selscreen)
 697                 return;
 698         if(c) {
 699                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 700                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 701         }
 702         else
 703                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 704 }
 705
 706 void
 707 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 708         Client *c;
 709
 710         if(!sel)
 711                 return;
 712         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 713         if(!c)
 714                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 715         if(c) {
 716                 focus(c);
 717                 restack();
 718         }
 719 }
 720
 721 void
 722 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 723         Client *c;
 724
 725         if(!sel)
 726                 return;
 727         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 728         if(!c) {
 729                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 730                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 731         }
 732         if(c) {
 733                 focus(c);
 734                 restack();
 735         }
 736 }
 737
 738 Client *
 739 getclient(Window w) {
 740         Client *c;
 741
 742         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 743         return c;
 744 }
 745
 746 unsigned long
 747 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 748         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 749         XColor color;
 750
 751         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 752                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 753         return color.pixel;
 754 }
 755
 756 long
 757 getstate(Window w) {
 758         int format, status;
 759         long result = -1;
 760         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 761         unsigned long n, extra;
 762         Atom real;
 763
 764         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 765                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 766         if(status != Success)
 767                 return -1;
 768         if(n != 0)
 769                 result = *p;
 770         XFree(p);
 771         return result;
 772 }
 773
 774 Bool
 775 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 776         char **list = NULL;
 777         int n;
 778         XTextProperty name;
 779
 780         if(!text || 0 == size)
 781                 return False;
 782         text[0] = '\0';
 783         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 784         if(!name.nitems)
 785                 return False;
 786         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 787                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 788         else {
 789                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 790                 && n > 0 && *list)
 791                 {
 792                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 793                         XFreeStringList(list);
 794                 }
 795         }
 796         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 797         XFree(name.value);
 798         return True;
 799 }
 800
 801 void
 802 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 803         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 804
 805         if(focused) {
 806                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 811                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 812                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 813                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 814
 815                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 818                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 819                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 820                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 821                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 822                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 823
 824                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 829                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 830                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 831                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 832         }
 833         else
 834                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 835                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 836 }
 837
 838 unsigned int
 839 idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 840         unsigned int i;
 841
 842         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != tag); i++);
 843         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 844 }
 845
 846 void
 847 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 848         char *def, **missing;
 849         int i, n;
 850
 851         missing = NULL;
 852         if(dc.font.set)
 853                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 854         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 855         if(missing) {
 856                 while(n--)
 857                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 858                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 859         }
 860         if(dc.font.set) {
 861                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 862                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 863                 char **font_names;
 864                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 865                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 866                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 867                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 868                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 869                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 870                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 871                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 872                         xfonts++;
 873                 }
 874         }
 875         else {
 876                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 877                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 878                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 879                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 880                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 881                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 882                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 883                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 884         }
 885         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 886 }
 887
 888 Bool
 889 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 890         Client *c;
 891
 892         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 893                 if(c->tags[t])
 894                         return True;
 895         return False;
 896 }
 897
 898 Bool
 899 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 900         int i, n;
 901         Atom *protocols;
 902         Bool ret = False;
 903
 904         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 905                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 906                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 907                                 ret = True;
 908                 XFree(protocols);
 909         }
 910         return ret;
 911 }
 912
 913 Bool
 914 isvisible(Client *c) {
 915         unsigned int i;
 916
 917         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 918                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 919                         return True;
 920         return False;
 921 }
 922
 923 void
 924 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 925         KEYS
 926         unsigned int i;
 927         KeyCode code;
 928         KeySym keysym;
 929         XKeyEvent *ev;
 930
 931         if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 932                 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 933                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 934                         code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 935                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 936                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 937                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 938                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 939                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 940                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 941                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 942                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 943                 }
 944                 return;
 945         }
 946         ev = &e->xkey;
 947         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 948         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 949                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 950                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 951                 {
 952                         if(keys[i].func)
 953                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 954                 }
 955 }
 956
 957 void
 958 killclient(const char *arg) {
 959         XEvent ev;
 960
 961         if(!sel)
 962                 return;
 963         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 964                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 965                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 966                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 967                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 968                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 969                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 970                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 971         }
 972         else
 973                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 974 }
 975
 976 void
 977 leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 978         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 979
 980         if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 981                 selscreen = False;
 982                 focus(NULL);
 983         }
 984 }
 985
 986 void
 987 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 988         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 989         Window trans;
 990         Status rettrans;
 991         XWindowChanges wc;
 992
 993         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 994         c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
 995         c->win = w;
 996         c->x = wa->x;
 997         c->y = wa->y;
 998         c->w = wa->width;
 999         c->h = wa->height;
1000         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1001         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1002                 c->x = sx;
1003                 c->y = sy;
1004                 c->border = wa->border_width;
1005         }
1006         else {
1007                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1008                         c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1009                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1010                         c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1011                 if(c->x < wax)
1012                         c->x = wax;
1013                 if(c->y < way)
1014                         c->y = way;
1015                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1016         }
1017         wc.border_width = c->border;
1018         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1019         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1020         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1021         updatesizehints(c);
1022         XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1023                 StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1024         grabbuttons(c, False);
1025         updatetitle(c);
1026         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1027                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1028         if(t)
1029                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
1030         applyrules(c);
1031         if(!c->isfloating)
1032                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1033         attach(c);
1034         attachstack(c);
1035         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1036         ban(c);
1037         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1038         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1039         arrange();
1040 }
1041
1042 void
1043 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1044         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1045
1046         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1047         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1048                 keypress(NULL);
1049 }
1050
1051 void
1052 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1053         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1054         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1055
1056         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1057                 return;
1058         if(wa.override_redirect)
1059                 return;
1060         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1061                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1062 }
1063
1064 void
1065 movemouse(Client *c) {
1066         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1067         unsigned int dui;
1068         Window dummy;
1069         XEvent ev;
1070
1071         ocx = nx = c->x;
1072         ocy = ny = c->y;
1073         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1074                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1075                 return;
1076         c->ismax = False;
1077         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1078         for(;;) {
1079                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1080                 switch (ev.type) {
1081                 case ButtonRelease:
1082                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1083                         return;
1084                 case ConfigureRequest:
1085                 case Expose:
1086                 case MapRequest:
1087                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1088                         break;
1089                 case MotionNotify:
1090                         XSync(dpy, False);
1091                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1092                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1093                         if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1094                                 nx = wax;
1095                         else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1096                                 nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1097                         if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1098                                 ny = way;
1099                         else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1100                                 ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1101                         resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1102                         break;
1103                 }
1104         }
1105 }
1106
1107 Client *
1108 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1109         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1110         return c;
1111 }
1112
1113 void
1114 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1115         Client *c;
1116         Window trans;
1117         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1118
1119         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1120                 return; /* ignore */
1121         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1122                 switch (ev->atom) {
1123                         default: break;
1124                         case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1125                                 XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1126                                 if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (NULL != getclient(trans))))
1127                                         arrange();
1128                                 break;
1129                         case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1130                                 updatesizehints(c);
1131                                 break;
1132                 }
1133                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1134                         updatetitle(c);
1135                         if(c == sel)
1136                                 drawbar();
1137                 }
1138         }
1139 }
1140
1141 void
1142 quit(const char *arg) {
1143         readin = running = False;
1144 }
1145
1146
1147 void
1148 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1149         XWindowChanges wc;
1150
1151         if(sizehints) {
1152                 /* set minimum possible */
1153                 if (w < 1)
1154                         w = 1;
1155                 if (h < 1)
1156                         h = 1;
1157
1158                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1159                 w -= c->basew;
1160                 h -= c->baseh;
1161
1162                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1163                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1164                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1165                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1166                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1167                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1168                 }
1169
1170                 /* adjust for increment value */
1171                 if(c->incw)
1172                         w -= w % c->incw;
1173                 if(c->inch)
1174                         h -= h % c->inch;
1175
1176                 /* restore base dimensions */
1177                 w += c->basew;
1178                 h += c->baseh;
1179
1180                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1181                         w = c->minw;
1182                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1183                         h = c->minh;
1184                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1185                         w = c->maxw;
1186                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1187                         h = c->maxh;
1188         }
1189         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1190                 return;
1191         /* offscreen appearance fixes */
1192         if(x > sw)
1193                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1194         if(y > sh)
1195                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1196         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1197                 x = sx;
1198         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1199                 y = sy;
1200         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1201                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1202                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1203                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1204                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1205                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1206                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1207                 configure(c);
1208                 XSync(dpy, False);
1209         }
1210 }
1211
1212 void
1213 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1214         int ocx, ocy;
1215         int nw, nh;
1216         XEvent ev;
1217
1218         ocx = c->x;
1219         ocy = c->y;
1220         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1221                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1222                 return;
1223         c->ismax = False;
1224         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1225         for(;;) {
1226                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1227                 switch(ev.type) {
1228                 case ButtonRelease:
1229                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1230                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1231                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1232                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1233                         return;
1234                 case ConfigureRequest:
1235                 case Expose:
1236                 case MapRequest:
1237                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1238                         break;
1239                 case MotionNotify:
1240                         XSync(dpy, False);
1241                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1242                                 nw = 1;
1243                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1244                                 nh = 1;
1245                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1246                         break;
1247                 }
1248         }
1249 }
1250
1251 void
1252 restack(void) {
1253         Client *c;
1254         XEvent ev;
1255         XWindowChanges wc;
1256
1257         drawbar();
1258         if(!sel)
1259                 return;
1260         if(sel->isfloating || (floating == layout->arrange))
1261                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1262         if(floating != layout->arrange) {
1263                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1264                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1265                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1266                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1267                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1268                 }
1269                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1270                         if(c == sel)
1271                                 continue;
1272                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1273                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1274                 }
1275         }
1276         XSync(dpy, False);
1277         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1278 }
1279
1280 void
1281 run(void) {
1282         char *p;
1283         fd_set rd;
1284         int r, xfd;
1285         unsigned int len, offset;
1286         XEvent ev;
1287
1288         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1289         XSync(dpy, False);
1290         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1291         readin = True;
1292         offset = 0;
1293         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1294         stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1295         while(running) {
1296                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1297                 if(readin)
1298                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1299                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1300                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1301                         if(errno == EINTR)
1302                                 continue;
1303                         eprint("select failed\n");
1304                 }
1305                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1306                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext + offset, len - offset))) {
1307                         case -1:
1308                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1309                                 readin = False;
1310                                 break;
1311                         case 0:
1312                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1313                                 readin = False;
1314                                 break;
1315                         default:
1316                                 stext[offset + r] = '\0';
1317                                 for(p = stext; *p && *p != '\n'; p++);
1318                                 if(*p == '\n') {
1319                                         *p = '\0';
1320                                         offset = 0;
1321                                 }
1322                                 else
1323                                         offset = (offset + r < len - 1) ? offset + r : 0;
1324                         }
1325                         drawbar();
1326                 }
1327                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1328                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1329                         if(handler[ev.type])
1330                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1331                 }
1332         }
1333 }
1334
1335 void
1336 scan(void) {
1337         unsigned int i, num;
1338         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1339         XWindowAttributes wa;
1340
1341         wins = NULL;
1342         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1343                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1344                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1345                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1346                                 continue;
1347                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1348                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1349                 }
1350                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1351                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1352                                 continue;
1353                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1354                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1355                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1356                 }
1357         }
1358         if(wins)
1359                 XFree(wins);
1360 }
1361
1362 void
1363 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1364         long data[] = {state, None};
1365
1366         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1367                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1368 }
1369
1370 void
1371 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1372         unsigned int i;
1373
1374         if(!arg) {
1375                 if(++layout == &layouts[LENGTH(layouts)])
1376                         layout = &layouts[0];
1377         }
1378         else {
1379                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1380                         if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1381                                 break;
1382                 if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1383                         return;
1384                 layout = &layouts[i];
1385         }
1386         if(sel)
1387                 arrange();
1388         else
1389                 drawbar();
1390 }
1391
1392 void
1393 setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1394         double delta;
1395
1396         if(!domwfact)
1397                 return;
1398         /* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1399         if(NULL == arg)
1400                 mwfact = MWFACT;
1401         else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1402                 if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1403                         mwfact += delta;
1404                 else
1405                         mwfact = delta;
1406                 if(mwfact < 0.1)
1407                         mwfact = 0.1;
1408                 else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1409                         mwfact = 0.9;
1410         }
1411         arrange();
1412 }
1413
1414 void
1415 setup(void) {
1416         int d;
1417         unsigned int i, j, mask;
1418         Window w;
1419         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1420         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1421
1422         /* init atoms */
1423         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1424         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1425         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1426         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1427         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1428         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1429         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1430                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1431
1432         /* init cursors */
1433         cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1434         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1435         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1436
1437         /* init geometry */
1438         sx = sy = 0;
1439         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1440         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1441
1442         /* init modifier map */
1443         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1444         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1445                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1446                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1447                         == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1448                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
1449                 }
1450         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1451
1452         /* select for events */
1453         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1454                 | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1455         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1456         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1457         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1458
1459         /* grab keys */
1460         keypress(NULL);
1461
1462         /* init tags */
1463         compileregs();
1464
1465         /* init appearance */
1466         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1467         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1468         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1469         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1470         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1471         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1472         initfont(FONT);
1473         dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1474
1475         /* init layouts */
1476         mwfact = MWFACT;
1477         layout = &layouts[0];
1478         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1479                 j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1480                 if(j > blw)
1481                         blw = j;
1482         }
1483
1484         /* init bar */
1485         bpos = BARPOS;
1486         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1487         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1488         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1489         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1490                         DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1491                         CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1492         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1493         updatebarpos();
1494         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1495         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1496         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1497         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1498         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1499         if(!dc.font.set)
1500                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1501
1502         /* multihead support */
1503         selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1504 }
1505
1506 void
1507 spawn(const char *arg) {
1508         static char *shell = NULL;
1509
1510         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1511                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1512         if(!arg)
1513                 return;
1514         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1515          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1516         if(0 == fork()) {
1517                 if(0 == fork()) {
1518                         if(dpy)
1519                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1520                         setsid();
1521                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1522                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1523                         perror(" failed");
1524                 }
1525                 exit(0);
1526         }
1527         wait(0);
1528 }
1529
1530 void
1531 tag(const char *arg) {
1532         unsigned int i;
1533
1534         if(!sel)
1535                 return;
1536         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1537                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1538         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1539         arrange();
1540 }
1541
1542 unsigned int
1543 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1544         XRectangle r;
1545
1546         if(dc.font.set) {
1547                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1548                 return r.width;
1549         }
1550         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1551 }
1552
1553 unsigned int
1554 textw(const char *text) {
1555         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1556 }
1557
1558 void
1559 tile(void) {
1560         unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1561         Client *c, *mc;
1562
1563         domwfact = dozoom = True;
1564         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1565                 n++;
1566
1567         /* window geoms */
1568         mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1569         th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1570         if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1571                 th = wah;
1572
1573         nx = wax;
1574         ny = way;
1575         nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1576         for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1577                 c->ismax = False;
1578                 if(0 == i) { /* master */
1579                         nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1580                         nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1581                 }
1582                 else {  /* tile window */
1583                         if(i == 1) {
1584                                 ny = way;
1585                                 nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1586                                 nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1587                         }
1588                         if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1589                                 nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1590                         else
1591                                 nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1592                 }
1593                 resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1594                 if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > nh) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > nw)))
1595                         /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1596                         resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, False);
1597                 if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1598                         ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1599         }
1600 }
1601
1602 void
1603 togglebar(const char *arg) {
1604         if(bpos == BarOff)
1605                 bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1606         else
1607                 bpos = BarOff;
1608         updatebarpos();
1609         arrange();
1610 }
1611
1612 void
1613 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1614         if(!sel)
1615                 return;
1616         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1617         if(sel->isfloating)
1618                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1619         arrange();
1620 }
1621
1622 void
1623 togglemax(const char *arg) {
1624         XEvent ev;
1625
1626         if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1627                 return;
1628         if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1629                 if((floating == layout->arrange) || sel->isfloating)
1630                         sel->wasfloating = True;
1631                 else {
1632                         togglefloating(NULL);
1633                         sel->wasfloating = False;
1634                 }
1635                 sel->rx = sel->x;
1636                 sel->ry = sel->y;
1637                 sel->rw = sel->w;
1638                 sel->rh = sel->h;
1639                 resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1640         }
1641         else {
1642                 resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1643                 if(!sel->wasfloating)
1644                         togglefloating(NULL);
1645         }
1646         drawbar();
1647         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1648 }
1649
1650 void
1651 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1652         unsigned int i, j;
1653
1654         if(!sel)
1655                 return;
1656         i = idxoftag(arg);
1657         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1658         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1659         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1660                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1661         arrange();
1662 }
1663
1664 void
1665 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1666         unsigned int i, j;
1667
1668         i = idxoftag(arg);
1669         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1670         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1671         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1672                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1673         arrange();
1674 }
1675
1676 void
1677 unban(Client *c) {
1678         if(!c->isbanned)
1679                 return;
1680         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1681         c->isbanned = False;
1682 }
1683
1684 void
1685 unmanage(Client *c) {
1686         XWindowChanges wc;
1687
1688         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1689         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1690         XGrabServer(dpy);
1691         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1692         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1693         detach(c);
1694         detachstack(c);
1695         if(sel == c)
1696                 focus(NULL);
1697         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1698         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1699         free(c->tags);
1700         free(c);
1701         XSync(dpy, False);
1702         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1703         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1704         arrange();
1705 }
1706
1707 void
1708 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1709         Client *c;
1710         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1711
1712         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1713                 unmanage(c);
1714 }
1715
1716 void
1717 updatebarpos(void) {
1718         XEvent ev;
1719
1720         wax = sx;
1721         way = sy;
1722         wah = sh;
1723         waw = sw;
1724         switch(bpos) {
1725         default:
1726                 wah -= bh;
1727                 way += bh;
1728                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1729                 break;
1730         case BarBot:
1731                 wah -= bh;
1732                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1733                 break;
1734         case BarOff:
1735                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1736                 break;
1737         }
1738         XSync(dpy, False);
1739         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1740 }
1741
1742 void
1743 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1744         long msize;
1745         XSizeHints size;
1746
1747         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1748                 size.flags = PSize;
1749         c->flags = size.flags;
1750         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1751                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1752                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1753         }
1754         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1755                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1756                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1757         }
1758         else
1759                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1760         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1761                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1762                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1763         }
1764         else
1765                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1766         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1767                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1768                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1769         }
1770         else
1771                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1772         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1773                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1774                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1775         }
1776         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1777                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1778                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1779         }
1780         else
1781                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1782         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1783                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1784                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1785                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1786                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1787         }
1788         else
1789                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1790         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1791                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1792 }
1793
1794 void
1795 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1796         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1797                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1798 }
1799
1800 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1801  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1802  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1803 int
1804 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1805         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1806         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1807         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1808         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1809         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1810         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1811         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1812         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1813                 return 0;
1814         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1815                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1816         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1817 }
1818
1819 int
1820 xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1821         return 0;
1822 }
1823
1824 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1825  * is already running. */
1826 int
1827 xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1828         otherwm = True;
1829         return -1;
1830 }
1831
1832 void
1833 view(const char *arg) {
1834         unsigned int i;
1835
1836         memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1837         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1838                 seltags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1839         seltags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1840         arrange();
1841 }
1842
1843 void
1844 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1845         static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];
1846
1847         memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1848         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
1849         memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
1850         arrange();
1851 }
1852
1853 void
1854 zoom(const char *arg) {
1855         Client *c;
1856
1857         if(!sel || !dozoom || sel->isfloating)
1858                 return;
1859         if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1860                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1861                         return;
1862         detach(c);
1863         attach(c);
1864         focus(c);
1865         arrange();
1866 }
1867
1868 int
1869 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1870         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1871                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 Anselm R. Garbe, Sander van Dijk, "
1872                        "Jukka Salmi, Premysl Hruby, Szabolcs Nagy\n");
1873         else if(argc != 1)
1874                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1875
1876         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1877         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1878                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1879         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1880         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1881
1882         checkotherwm();
1883         setup();
1884         drawbar();
1885         scan();
1886         run();
1887         cleanup();
1888
1889         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1890         return 0;
1891 }