dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43 /* macros */
  44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49 #define DEFGEOM(GEONAME,BX,BY,BW,WX,WY,WW,WH,MX,MY,MW,MH,TX,TY,TW,TH,MOX,MOY,MOW,MOH) \
  50 void GEONAME(void) { \
  51         bx = (BX); by = (BY); bw = (BW); \
  52         wx = (WX); wy = (WY); ww = (WW); wh = (WH); \
  53         mx = (MX); my = (MY); mw = (MW); mh = (MH); \
  54         tx = (TX); ty = (TY); tw = (TW); th = (TH); \
  55         mox = (MOX); moy = (MOY); mow = (MOW); moh = (MOH); \
  56 }
  57
  58 /* enums */
  59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63
  64 /* typedefs */
  65 typedef struct Client Client;
  66 struct Client {
  67         char name[256];
  68         int x, y, w, h;
  69         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  70         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  71         long flags;
  72         unsigned int bw, oldbw;
  73         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  74         Bool *tags;
  75         Client *next;
  76         Client *prev;
  77         Client *snext;
  78         Window win;
  79 };
  80
  81 typedef struct {
  82         int x, y, w, h;
  83         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  84         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  85         Drawable drawable;
  86         GC gc;
  87         struct {
  88                 int ascent;
  89                 int descent;
  90                 int height;
  91                 XFontSet set;
  92                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  93         } font;
  94 } DC; /* draw context */
  95
  96 typedef struct {
  97         const char *symbol;
  98         void (*apply)(void);
  99 } Geom;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         unsigned long mod;
 103         KeySym keysym;
 104         void (*func)(const char *arg);
 105         const char *arg;
 106 } Key;
 107
 108 typedef struct {
 109         const char *symbol;
 110         void (*arrange)(void);
 111         Bool isfloating;
 112 } Layout;
 113
 114 typedef struct {
 115         const char *class;
 116         const char *instance;
 117         const char *title;
 118         const char *tag;
 119         Bool isfloating;
 120 } Rule;
 121
 122 /* function declarations */
 123 void applyrules(Client *c);
 124 void arrange(void);
 125 void attach(Client *c);
 126 void attachstack(Client *c);
 127 void ban(Client *c);
 128 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 129 void checkotherwm(void);
 130 void cleanup(void);
 131 void configure(Client *c);
 132 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 133 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 134 unsigned int counttiled(void);
 135 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 136 void detach(Client *c);
 137 void detachstack(Client *c);
 138 void drawbar(void);
 139 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 140 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 141 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 142 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 143 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 144 void expose(XEvent *e);
 145 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 146 void focus(Client *c);
 147 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 148 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 149 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 150 Client *getclient(Window w);
 151 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 152 long getstate(Window w);
 153 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 154 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 155 void grabkeys(void);
 156 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 157 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 158 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 159 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 160 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 161 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 162 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 163 void killclient(const char *arg);
 164 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 165 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 166 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 167 void monocle(void);
 168 void movemouse(Client *c);
 169 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 170 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 171 void quit(const char *arg);
 172 void reapply(const char *arg);
 173 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 174 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 175 void restack(void);
 176 void run(void);
 177 void scan(void);
 178 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 179 void setgeom(const char *arg);
 180 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 181 void setup(void);
 182 void spawn(const char *arg);
 183 void tag(const char *arg);
 184 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 185 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 186 void tileh(void);
 187 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 188 Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 189 void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 190 void tilev(void);
 191 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 192 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 193 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 194 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 195 void unban(Client *c);
 196 void unmanage(Client *c);
 197 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 198 void updatebarpos(void);
 199 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 200 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 201 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 202 void view(const char *arg);
 203 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 204 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 207 void zoom(const char *arg);
 208
 209 /* variables */
 210 char stext[256], buf[256];
 211 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 212 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 213 int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, bgw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 214 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 215 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 216         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 217         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 218         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 219         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 220         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 221         [Expose] = expose,
 222         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 223         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 224         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 225         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 226         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 227         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 228 };
 229 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 230 Bool otherwm, readin;
 231 Bool running = True;
 232 Bool *prevtags;
 233 Bool *seltags;
 234 Client *clients = NULL;
 235 Client *sel = NULL;
 236 Client *stack = NULL;
 237 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 238 Display *dpy;
 239 DC dc = {0};
 240 Geom *geom = NULL;
 241 Layout *lt = NULL;
 242 Window root, barwin;
 243
 244 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 245 #include "config.h"
 246 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 247 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 248
 249 /* function implementations */
 250
 251 void
 252 applyrules(Client *c) {
 253         unsigned int i;
 254         Bool matched = False;
 255         Rule *r;
 256         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 257
 258         /* rule matching */
 259         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 260         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 261                 r = &rules[i];
 262                 if((r->title && strstr(c->name, r->title))
 263                 || (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
 264                 || (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
 265                 {
 266                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 267                         if(r->tag) {
 268                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 269                                 matched = True;
 270                         }
 271                 }
 272         }
 273         if(ch.res_class)
 274                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 275         if(ch.res_name)
 276                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 277         if(!matched)
 278                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 279 }
 280
 281 void
 282 arrange(void) {
 283         Client *c;
 284
 285         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 286                 if(isvisible(c))
 287                         unban(c);
 288                 else
 289                         ban(c);
 290
 291         focus(NULL);
 292         lt->arrange();
 293         restack();
 294 }
 295
 296 void
 297 attach(Client *c) {
 298         if(clients)
 299                 clients->prev = c;
 300         c->next = clients;
 301         clients = c;
 302 }
 303
 304 void
 305 attachstack(Client *c) {
 306         c->snext = stack;
 307         stack = c;
 308 }
 309
 310 void
 311 ban(Client *c) {
 312         if(c->isbanned)
 313                 return;
 314         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 315         c->isbanned = True;
 316 }
 317
 318 void
 319 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 320         unsigned int i, x;
 321         Client *c;
 322         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 323
 324         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 325                 x = bgw;
 326                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 327                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 328                         if(ev->x > bgw && ev->x < x) {
 329                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 330                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 331                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 332                                         else
 333                                                 view(tags[i]);
 334                                 }
 335                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 336                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 337                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 338                                         else
 339                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 340                                 }
 341                                 return;
 342                         }
 343                 }
 344         }
 345         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 346                 focus(c);
 347                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 348                         return;
 349                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 350                         restack();
 351                         movemouse(c);
 352                 }
 353                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 354                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 355                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 356                         else
 357                                 zoom(NULL);
 358                 }
 359                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 360                         restack();
 361                         resizemouse(c);
 362                 }
 363         }
 364 }
 365
 366 void
 367 checkotherwm(void) {
 368         otherwm = False;
 369         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 370
 371         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 372         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 373         XSync(dpy, False);
 374         if(otherwm)
 375                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 376         XSync(dpy, False);
 377         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 378         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 379         XSync(dpy, False);
 380 }
 381
 382 void
 383 cleanup(void) {
 384         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 385         while(stack) {
 386                 unban(stack);
 387                 unmanage(stack);
 388         }
 389         if(dc.font.set)
 390                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 391         else
 392                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 393         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 394         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 395         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 396         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 397         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 398         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 399         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 400         XSync(dpy, False);
 401         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 402 }
 403
 404 void
 405 configure(Client *c) {
 406         XConfigureEvent ce;
 407
 408         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 409         ce.display = dpy;
 410         ce.event = c->win;
 411         ce.window = c->win;
 412         ce.x = c->x;
 413         ce.y = c->y;
 414         ce.width = c->w;
 415         ce.height = c->h;
 416         ce.border_width = c->bw;
 417         ce.above = None;
 418         ce.override_redirect = False;
 419         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 420 }
 421
 422 void
 423 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 424         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 425
 426         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 427                 sw = ev->width;
 428                 sh = ev->height;
 429                 setgeom(NULL);
 430         }
 431 }
 432
 433 void
 434 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 435         Client *c;
 436         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 437         XWindowChanges wc;
 438
 439         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 440                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 441                         c->bw = ev->border_width;
 442                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 443                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 444                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 445                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 446                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 447                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 448                                 c->w = ev->width;
 449                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 450                                 c->h = ev->height;
 451                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 452                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 453                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 454                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 455                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 456                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 457                                 configure(c);
 458                         if(isvisible(c))
 459                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 460                 }
 461                 else
 462                         configure(c);
 463         }
 464         else {
 465                 wc.x = ev->x;
 466                 wc.y = ev->y;
 467                 wc.width = ev->width;
 468                 wc.height = ev->height;
 469                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 470                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 471                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 472                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 473         }
 474         XSync(dpy, False);
 475 }
 476
 477 unsigned int
 478 counttiled(void) {
 479         unsigned int n;
 480         Client *c;
 481
 482         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 483         return n;
 484 }
 485
 486 void
 487 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 488         Client *c;
 489         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 490
 491         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 492                 unmanage(c);
 493 }
 494
 495 void
 496 detach(Client *c) {
 497         if(c->prev)
 498                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 499         if(c->next)
 500                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 501         if(c == clients)
 502                 clients = c->next;
 503         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 504 }
 505
 506 void
 507 detachstack(Client *c) {
 508         Client **tc;
 509
 510         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 511         *tc = c->snext;
 512 }
 513
 514 void
 515 drawbar(void) {
 516         int i, x;
 517         Client *c;
 518
 519         dc.x = 0;
 520         if(bgw > 0) {
 521                 dc.w = bgw;
 522                 drawtext(geom->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 523                 dc.x += bgw;
 524         }
 525         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 526         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 527                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 528                 if(seltags[i]) {
 529                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 530                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 531                 }
 532                 else {
 533                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 534                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 535                 }
 536                 dc.x += dc.w;
 537         }
 538         if(blw > 0) {
 539                 dc.w = blw;
 540                 drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 541                 x = dc.x + dc.w;
 542         }
 543         else
 544                 x = dc.x;
 545         dc.w = textw(stext);
 546         dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 547         if(dc.x < x) {
 548                 dc.x = x;
 549                 dc.w = bw - x;
 550         }
 551         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 552         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 553                 dc.x = x;
 554                 if(c) {
 555                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 556                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 557                 }
 558                 else
 559                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 560         }
 561         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 562         XSync(dpy, False);
 563 }
 564
 565 void
 566 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 567         int x;
 568         XGCValues gcv;
 569         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 570
 571         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 572         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 573         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 574         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 575         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 576         if(filled) {
 577                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 578                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 579         }
 580         else if(empty) {
 581                 r.width = r.height = x;
 582                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 583         }
 584 }
 585
 586 void
 587 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 588         int x, y, w, h;
 589         unsigned int len, olen;
 590         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 591
 592         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 593         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 594         if(!text)
 595                 return;
 596         w = 0;
 597         olen = len = strlen(text);
 598         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 599                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 600         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 601         buf[len] = 0;
 602         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 603         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 604         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 605         /* shorten text if necessary */
 606         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 607                 buf[--len] = 0;
 608         if(len < olen) {
 609                 if(len > 1)
 610                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 611                 if(len > 2)
 612                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 613                 if(len > 3)
 614                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 615         }
 616         if(w > dc.w)
 617                 return; /* too long */
 618         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 619         if(dc.font.set)
 620                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 621         else
 622                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 623 }
 624
 625 void *
 626 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 627         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 628
 629         if(!res)
 630                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 631         return res;
 632 }
 633
 634 void
 635 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 636         Client *c;
 637         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 638
 639         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 640                 return;
 641         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 642                 focus(c);
 643         else
 644                 focus(NULL);
 645 }
 646
 647 void
 648 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 649         va_list ap;
 650
 651         va_start(ap, errstr);
 652         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 653         va_end(ap);
 654         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 655 }
 656
 657 void
 658 expose(XEvent *e) {
 659         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 660
 661         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 662                 drawbar();
 663 }
 664
 665 void
 666 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 667         Client *c;
 668
 669         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 670                 if(isvisible(c))
 671                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 672 }
 673
 674 void
 675 focus(Client *c) {
 676         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 677                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 678         if(sel && sel != c) {
 679                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 680                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 681         }
 682         if(c) {
 683                 detachstack(c);
 684                 attachstack(c);
 685                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 686         }
 687         sel = c;
 688         if(c) {
 689                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 690                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 691         }
 692         else
 693                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 694         drawbar();
 695 }
 696
 697 void
 698 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 699         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 700
 701         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 702                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 703 }
 704
 705 void
 706 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 707         Client *c;
 708
 709         if(!sel)
 710                 return;
 711         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 712         if(!c)
 713                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 714         if(c) {
 715                 focus(c);
 716                 restack();
 717         }
 718 }
 719
 720 void
 721 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 722         Client *c;
 723
 724         if(!sel)
 725                 return;
 726         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 727         if(!c) {
 728                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 729                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 730         }
 731         if(c) {
 732                 focus(c);
 733                 restack();
 734         }
 735 }
 736
 737 Client *
 738 getclient(Window w) {
 739         Client *c;
 740
 741         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 742         return c;
 743 }
 744
 745 unsigned long
 746 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 747         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 748         XColor color;
 749
 750         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 751                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 752         return color.pixel;
 753 }
 754
 755 long
 756 getstate(Window w) {
 757         int format, status;
 758         long result = -1;
 759         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 760         unsigned long n, extra;
 761         Atom real;
 762
 763         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 764                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 765         if(status != Success)
 766                 return -1;
 767         if(n != 0)
 768                 result = *p;
 769         XFree(p);
 770         return result;
 771 }
 772
 773 Bool
 774 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 775         char **list = NULL;
 776         int n;
 777         XTextProperty name;
 778
 779         if(!text || size == 0)
 780                 return False;
 781         text[0] = '\0';
 782         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 783         if(!name.nitems)
 784                 return False;
 785         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 786                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 787         else {
 788                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 789                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 790                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 791                         XFreeStringList(list);
 792                 }
 793         }
 794         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 795         XFree(name.value);
 796         return True;
 797 }
 798
 799 void
 800 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 801         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 802
 803         if(focused) {
 804                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 807                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 808                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 809                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 810                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 811                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 812
 813                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 816                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 817                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 818                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 819                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 820                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 821
 822                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 825                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 826                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 829                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 830         }
 831         else
 832                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 833                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 834 }
 835
 836 void
 837 grabkeys(void)  {
 838         unsigned int i, j;
 839         KeyCode code;
 840         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 841
 842         /* init modifier map */
 843         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 844         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 845                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 846                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 847                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 848                 }
 849         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 850
 851         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 852         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 853                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 854                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 855                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 856                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 857                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 858                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 859                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 860                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 861                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 862         }
 863 }
 864
 865 unsigned int
 866 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 867         unsigned int i;
 868
 869         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && t && strcmp(tags[i], t); i++);
 870         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 871 }
 872
 873 void
 874 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 875         char *def, **missing;
 876         int i, n;
 877
 878         missing = NULL;
 879         if(dc.font.set)
 880                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 881         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 882         if(missing) {
 883                 while(n--)
 884                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 885                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 886         }
 887         if(dc.font.set) {
 888                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 889                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 890                 char **font_names;
 891                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 892                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 893                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 894                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 895                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 896                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 897                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 898                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 899                         xfonts++;
 900                 }
 901         }
 902         else {
 903                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 904                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 905                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 906                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 907                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 908                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 909                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 910                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 911         }
 912         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 913 }
 914
 915 Bool
 916 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 917         Client *c;
 918
 919         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 920                 if(c->tags[t])
 921                         return True;
 922         return False;
 923 }
 924
 925 Bool
 926 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 927         int i, n;
 928         Atom *protocols;
 929         Bool ret = False;
 930
 931         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 932                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 933                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 934                                 ret = True;
 935                 XFree(protocols);
 936         }
 937         return ret;
 938 }
 939
 940 Bool
 941 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 942         Client *c;
 943
 944         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 945                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 946                         return True;
 947         return False;
 948 }
 949
 950 Bool
 951 isvisible(Client *c) {
 952         unsigned int i;
 953
 954         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 955                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 956                         return True;
 957         return False;
 958 }
 959
 960 void
 961 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 962         unsigned int i;
 963         KeySym keysym;
 964         XKeyEvent *ev;
 965
 966         ev = &e->xkey;
 967         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 968         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 969                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 970                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 971                 {
 972                         if(keys[i].func)
 973                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 974                 }
 975 }
 976
 977 void
 978 killclient(const char *arg) {
 979         XEvent ev;
 980
 981         if(!sel)
 982                 return;
 983         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 984                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 985                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 986                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 987                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 988                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 989                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 990                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 991         }
 992         else
 993                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 994 }
 995
 996 void
 997 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 998         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 999         Status rettrans;
1000         Window trans;
1001         XWindowChanges wc;
1002
1003         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1004         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1005         c->win = w;
1006
1007         /* geometry */
1008         c->x = wa->x;
1009         c->y = wa->y;
1010         c->w = wa->width;
1011         c->h = wa->height;
1012         c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
1013         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1014                 c->x = sx;
1015                 c->y = sy;
1016                 c->bw = wa->border_width;
1017         }
1018         else {
1019                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > wx + ww)
1020                         c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1021                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > wy + wh)
1022                         c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1023                 if(c->x < wx)
1024                         c->x = wx;
1025                 if(c->y < wy)
1026                         c->y = wy;
1027                 c->bw = BORDERPX;
1028         }
1029
1030         wc.border_width = c->bw;
1031         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1032         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1033         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1034         updatesizehints(c);
1035         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1036         grabbuttons(c, False);
1037         updatetitle(c);
1038         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1039                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1040         if(t)
1041                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1042         else
1043                 applyrules(c);
1044         if(!c->isfloating)
1045                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1046         attach(c);
1047         attachstack(c);
1048         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1049         ban(c);
1050         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1051         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1052         arrange();
1053 }
1054
1055 void
1056 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1057         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1058
1059         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1060         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1061                 grabkeys();
1062 }
1063
1064 void
1065 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1066         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1067         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1068
1069         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1070                 return;
1071         if(wa.override_redirect)
1072                 return;
1073         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1074                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1075 }
1076
1077 void
1078 monocle(void) {
1079         Client *c;
1080
1081         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1082                 if(isvisible(c))
1083                         resize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw, RESIZEHINTS);
1084 }
1085
1086 void
1087 movemouse(Client *c) {
1088         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1089         unsigned int dui;
1090         Window dummy;
1091         XEvent ev;
1092
1093         ocx = nx = c->x;
1094         ocy = ny = c->y;
1095         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1096                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1097                 return;
1098         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1099         for(;;) {
1100                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1101                 switch (ev.type) {
1102                 case ButtonRelease:
1103                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1104                         return;
1105                 case ConfigureRequest:
1106                 case Expose:
1107                 case MapRequest:
1108                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1109                         break;
1110                 case MotionNotify:
1111                         XSync(dpy, False);
1112                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1113                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1114                         if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1115                                 nx = wx;
1116                         else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1117                                 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1118                         if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1119                                 ny = wy;
1120                         else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < SNAP)
1121                                 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1122                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1123                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1124                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1125                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1126                         break;
1127                 }
1128         }
1129 }
1130
1131 Client *
1132 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1133         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1134         return c;
1135 }
1136
1137 void
1138 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1139         Client *c;
1140         Window trans;
1141         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1142
1143         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1144                 return; /* ignore */
1145         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1146                 switch (ev->atom) {
1147                 default: break;
1148                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1149                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1150                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1151                                 arrange();
1152                         break;
1153                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1154                         updatesizehints(c);
1155                         break;
1156                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1157                         updatewmhints(c);
1158                         drawbar();
1159                         break;
1160                 }
1161                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1162                         updatetitle(c);
1163                         if(c == sel)
1164                                 drawbar();
1165                 }
1166         }
1167 }
1168
1169 void
1170 quit(const char *arg) {
1171         readin = running = False;
1172 }
1173
1174 void
1175 reapply(const char *arg) {
1176         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1177         Client *c;
1178
1179         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1180                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1181                 applyrules(c);
1182         }
1183         arrange();
1184 }
1185
1186 void
1187 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1188         XWindowChanges wc;
1189
1190         if(sizehints) {
1191                 /* set minimum possible */
1192                 if (w < 1)
1193                         w = 1;
1194                 if (h < 1)
1195                         h = 1;
1196
1197                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1198                 w -= c->basew;
1199                 h -= c->baseh;
1200
1201                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1202                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1203                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1204                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1205                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1206                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1207                 }
1208
1209                 /* adjust for increment value */
1210                 if(c->incw)
1211                         w -= w % c->incw;
1212                 if(c->inch)
1213                         h -= h % c->inch;
1214
1215                 /* restore base dimensions */
1216                 w += c->basew;
1217                 h += c->baseh;
1218
1219                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1220                         w = c->minw;
1221                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1222                         h = c->minh;
1223                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1224                         w = c->maxw;
1225                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1226                         h = c->maxh;
1227         }
1228         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1229                 return;
1230         if(x > sx + sw)
1231                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1232         if(y > sy + sh)
1233                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1234         if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1235                 x = sx;
1236         if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1237                 y = sy;
1238         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1239                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1240                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1241                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1242                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1243                 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1244                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1245                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1246                 configure(c);
1247                 XSync(dpy, False);
1248         }
1249 }
1250
1251 void
1252 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1253         int ocx, ocy;
1254         int nw, nh;
1255         XEvent ev;
1256
1257         ocx = c->x;
1258         ocy = c->y;
1259         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1260                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1261                 return;
1262         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1263         for(;;) {
1264                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1265                 switch(ev.type) {
1266                 case ButtonRelease:
1267                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1268                                         c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1269                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1270                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1271                         return;
1272                 case ConfigureRequest:
1273                 case Expose:
1274                 case MapRequest:
1275                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1276                         break;
1277                 case MotionNotify:
1278                         XSync(dpy, False);
1279                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1280                                 nw = 1;
1281                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1) <= 0)
1282                                 nh = 1;
1283                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1284                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1285                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1286                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1287                         break;
1288                 }
1289         }
1290 }
1291
1292 void
1293 restack(void) {
1294         Client *c;
1295         XEvent ev;
1296         XWindowChanges wc;
1297
1298         drawbar();
1299         if(!sel)
1300                 return;
1301         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1302                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1303         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1304                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1305                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1306                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1307                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1308                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1309                 }
1310                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1311                         if(c == sel)
1312                                 continue;
1313                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1314                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1315                 }
1316         }
1317         XSync(dpy, False);
1318         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1319 }
1320
1321 void
1322 run(void) {
1323         char *p;
1324         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1325         fd_set rd;
1326         int r, xfd;
1327         unsigned int len, offset;
1328         XEvent ev;
1329
1330         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1331         XSync(dpy, False);
1332         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1333         readin = True;
1334         offset = 0;
1335         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1336         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1337         while(running) {
1338                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1339                 if(readin)
1340                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1341                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1342                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1343                         if(errno == EINTR)
1344                                 continue;
1345                         eprint("select failed\n");
1346                 }
1347                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1348                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1349                         case -1:
1350                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1351                                 readin = False;
1352                                 break;
1353                         case 0:
1354                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1355                                 readin = False;
1356                                 break;
1357                         default:
1358                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1359                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1360                                                 *p = '\0';
1361                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1362                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1363                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1364                                                 offset = r;
1365                                                 if(r)
1366                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1367                                                 break;
1368                                         }
1369                                 break;
1370                         }
1371                         drawbar();
1372                 }
1373                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1374                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1375                         if(handler[ev.type])
1376                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1377                 }
1378         }
1379 }
1380
1381 void
1382 scan(void) {
1383         unsigned int i, num;
1384         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1385         XWindowAttributes wa;
1386
1387         wins = NULL;
1388         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1389                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1390                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1391                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1392                                 continue;
1393                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1394                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1395                 }
1396                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1397                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1398                                 continue;
1399                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1400                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1401                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1402                 }
1403         }
1404         if(wins)
1405                 XFree(wins);
1406 }
1407
1408 void
1409 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1410         long data[] = {state, None};
1411
1412         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1413                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1414 }
1415
1416 void
1417 setgeom(const char *arg) {
1418         unsigned int i;
1419
1420         for(i = 0; arg && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++)
1421                 if(!strcmp(geoms[i].symbol, arg))
1422                         break;
1423         if(i == LENGTH(geoms))
1424                 return;
1425         geom = &geoms[i];
1426         geom->apply();
1427         updatebarpos();
1428         arrange();
1429 }
1430
1431 void
1432 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1433         static Layout *revert = 0;
1434         unsigned int i;
1435
1436         if(!arg)
1437                 return;
1438         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1439                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1440                         break;
1441         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1442                 return;
1443         if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1444                 lt = revert;
1445         else {
1446                 revert = lt;
1447                 lt = &layouts[i];
1448         }
1449         if(sel)
1450                 arrange();
1451         else
1452                 drawbar();
1453 }
1454
1455 void
1456 setup(void) {
1457         unsigned int i, w;
1458         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1459
1460         /* init screen */
1461         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1462         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1463         initfont(FONT);
1464
1465         /* apply default geometry */
1466         sx = 0;
1467         sy = 0;
1468         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1469         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1470         bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1471         geom = &geoms[0];
1472         geom->apply();
1473
1474         /* init atoms */
1475         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1476         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1477         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1478         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1479         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1480         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1481
1482         /* init cursors */
1483         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1484         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1485         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1486
1487         /* init appearance */
1488         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1489         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1490         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1491         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1492         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1493         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1494         initfont(FONT);
1495         dc.h = bh;
1496         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1497         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1498         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1499         if(!dc.font.set)
1500                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1501
1502         /* init tags */
1503         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1504         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1505         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1506
1507         /* init layouts */
1508         lt = &layouts[0];
1509
1510         /* init bar */
1511         for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1512                 w = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1513                 if(w > blw)
1514                         blw = w;
1515         }
1516         for(bgw = i = 0; LENGTH(geoms) > 1 && i < LENGTH(geoms); i++) {
1517                 w = textw(geoms[i].symbol);
1518                 if(w > bgw)
1519                         bgw = w;
1520         }
1521
1522         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1523         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1524         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1525
1526         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1527                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1528                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1529         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1530         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1531         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1532         drawbar();
1533
1534         /* EWMH support per view */
1535         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1536                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1537
1538         /* select for events */
1539         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1540                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1541         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1542         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1543
1544
1545         /* grab keys */
1546         grabkeys();
1547 }
1548
1549 void
1550 spawn(const char *arg) {
1551         static char *shell = NULL;
1552
1553         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1554                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1555         if(!arg)
1556                 return;
1557         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1558          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1559         if(fork() == 0) {
1560                 if(fork() == 0) {
1561                         if(dpy)
1562                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1563                         setsid();
1564                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1565                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1566                         perror(" failed");
1567                 }
1568                 exit(0);
1569         }
1570         wait(0);
1571 }
1572
1573 void
1574 tag(const char *arg) {
1575         unsigned int i;
1576
1577         if(!sel)
1578                 return;
1579         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1580                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1581         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1582         arrange();
1583 }
1584
1585 unsigned int
1586 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1587         XRectangle r;
1588
1589         if(dc.font.set) {
1590                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1591                 return r.width;
1592         }
1593         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1594 }
1595
1596 unsigned int
1597 textw(const char *text) {
1598         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1599 }
1600
1601 void
1602 tileh(void) {
1603         int x, w;
1604         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1605         Client *c;
1606
1607         if(n == 0)
1608                 return;
1609         c = tilemaster(n);
1610         if(--n == 0)
1611                 return;
1612
1613         x = tx;
1614         w = tw / n;
1615         if(w < bh)
1616                 w = tw;
1617
1618         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1619                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1620                         tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1621                 else
1622                         tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->bw, th - 2 * c->bw);
1623                 if(w != tw)
1624                         x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw;
1625         }
1626 }
1627
1628 Client *
1629 tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1630         Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1631
1632         if(n == 1)
1633                 tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->bw, moh - 2 * c->bw);
1634         else
1635                 tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->bw, mh - 2 * c->bw);
1636         return c;
1637 }
1638
1639 void
1640 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1641         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1642         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1643                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1644                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1645 }
1646
1647 void
1648 tilev(void) {
1649         int y, h;
1650         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1651         Client *c;
1652
1653         if(n == 0)
1654                 return;
1655         c = tilemaster(n);
1656         if(--n == 0)
1657                 return;
1658
1659         y = ty;
1660         h = th / n;
1661         if(h < bh)
1662                 h = th;
1663
1664         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1665                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1666                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->bw);
1667                 else
1668                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->bw, h - 2 * c->bw);
1669                 if(h != th)
1670                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1671         }
1672 }
1673
1674 void
1675 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1676         if(!sel)
1677                 return;
1678         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1679         if(sel->isfloating)
1680                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1681         arrange();
1682 }
1683
1684 void
1685 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1686         unsigned int i, j;
1687
1688         if(!sel)
1689                 return;
1690         i = idxoftag(arg);
1691         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1692         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1693         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1694                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1695         arrange();
1696 }
1697
1698 void
1699 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1700         unsigned int i, j;
1701
1702         i = idxoftag(arg);
1703         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1704         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1705         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1706                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1707         arrange();
1708 }
1709
1710 void
1711 unban(Client *c) {
1712         if(!c->isbanned)
1713                 return;
1714         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1715         c->isbanned = False;
1716 }
1717
1718 void
1719 unmanage(Client *c) {
1720         XWindowChanges wc;
1721
1722         wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1723         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1724         XGrabServer(dpy);
1725         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1726         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1727         detach(c);
1728         detachstack(c);
1729         if(sel == c)
1730                 focus(NULL);
1731         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1732         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1733         free(c->tags);
1734         free(c);
1735         XSync(dpy, False);
1736         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1737         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1738         arrange();
1739 }
1740
1741 void
1742 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1743         Client *c;
1744         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1745
1746         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1747                 unmanage(c);
1748 }
1749
1750 void
1751 updatebarpos(void) {
1752
1753         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1754                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1755         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1756         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1757 }
1758
1759 void
1760 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1761         long msize;
1762         XSizeHints size;
1763
1764         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1765                 size.flags = PSize;
1766         c->flags = size.flags;
1767         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1768                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1769                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1770         }
1771         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1772                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1773                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1774         }
1775         else
1776                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1777         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1778                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1779                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1780         }
1781         else
1782                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1783         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1784                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1785                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1786         }
1787         else
1788                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1789         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1790                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1791                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1792         }
1793         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1794                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1795                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1796         }
1797         else
1798                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1799         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1800                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1801                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1802                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1803                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1804         }
1805         else
1806                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1807         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1808                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1809 }
1810
1811 void
1812 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1813         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1814                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1815 }
1816
1817 void
1818 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1819         XWMHints *wmh;
1820
1821         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1822                 if(c == sel)
1823                         sel->isurgent = False;
1824                 else
1825                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1826                 XFree(wmh);
1827         }
1828 }
1829
1830
1831 void
1832 view(const char *arg) {
1833         unsigned int i;
1834
1835         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1836                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1837         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1838
1839         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1840                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1841                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1842                 arrange();
1843         }
1844 }
1845
1846 void
1847 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1848
1849         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1850         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1851         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1852         arrange();
1853 }
1854
1855 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1856  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1857  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1858 int
1859 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1860         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1861         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1862         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1863         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1864         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1865         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1866         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1867         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1868                 return 0;
1869         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1870                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1871         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1872 }
1873
1874 int
1875 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1876         return 0;
1877 }
1878
1879 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1880  * is already running. */
1881 int
1882 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1883         otherwm = True;
1884         return -1;
1885 }
1886
1887 void
1888 zoom(const char *arg) {
1889         Client *c = sel;
1890
1891         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1892                 return;
1893         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1894                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1895                         return;
1896         detach(c);
1897         attach(c);
1898         focus(c);
1899         arrange();
1900 }
1901
1902 int
1903 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1904         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1905                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1906         else if(argc != 1)
1907                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1908
1909         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1910         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1911                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1912
1913         checkotherwm();
1914         setup();
1915         scan();
1916         run();
1917         cleanup();
1918
1919         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1920         return 0;
1921 }