dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
  20  * client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42 #ifdef XINERAMA
  43 #include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
  44 #endif
  45
  46 /* macros */
  47 #define MAX(a, b)       ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
  48 #define MIN(a, b)       ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
  49 #define BUTTONMASK      (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  50 #define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  51 #define LENGTH(x)       (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  52 #define MAXTAGLEN       16
  53 #define MOUSEMASK       (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  54 #define TAGMASK         ((int)((1LL << LENGTH(tags)) - 1))
  55 #define TEXTW(x)        (textnw(x, strlen(x)) + dc.font.height)
  56 #define ISVISIBLE(x)    (x->tags & tagset[seltags])
  57
  58 /* enums */
  59 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  60 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  61 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  62 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  63 enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
  64        ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast };             /* clicks */
  65
  66 /* typedefs */
  67 typedef unsigned int uint;
  68 typedef unsigned long ulong;
  69
  70 typedef union {
  71         int i;
  72         uint ui;
  73         float f;
  74         void *v;
  75 } Arg;
  76
  77 typedef struct {
  78         uint click;
  79         uint mask;
  80         uint button;
  81         void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
  82         const Arg arg;
  83 } Button;
  84
  85 typedef struct Client Client;
  86 struct Client {
  87         char name[256];
  88         float mina, maxa;
  89         int x, y, w, h;
  90         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  91         int bw, oldbw;
  92         uint tags;
  93         Bool isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  94         Client *next;
  95         Client *snext;
  96         Window win;
  97         void *aux;
  98         void (*freeaux)(void *);
  99 };
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         int x, y, w, h;
 103         ulong norm[ColLast];
 104         ulong sel[ColLast];
 105         Drawable drawable;
 106         GC gc;
 107         struct {
 108                 int ascent;
 109                 int descent;
 110                 int height;
 111                 XFontSet set;
 112                 XFontStruct *xfont;
 113         } font;
 114 } DC; /* draw context */
 115
 116 typedef struct {
 117         uint mod;
 118         KeySym keysym;
 119         void (*func)(const Arg *);
 120         const Arg arg;
 121 } Key;
 122
 123 typedef struct {
 124         const char *symbol;
 125         void (*arrange)(void);
 126 } Layout;
 127
 128 typedef struct {
 129         const char *class;
 130         const char *instance;
 131         const char *title;
 132         uint tags;
 133         Bool isfloating;
 134 } Rule;
 135
 136 /* function declarations */
 137 static void applyrules(Client *c);
 138 static void arrange(void);
 139 static void attach(Client *c);
 140 static void attachstack(Client *c);
 141 static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 142 static void checkotherwm(void);
 143 static void cleanup(void);
 144 static void configure(Client *c);
 145 static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 146 static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 147 static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 148 static void detach(Client *c);
 149 static void detachstack(Client *c);
 150 static void drawbar(void);
 151 static void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]);
 152 static void drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 153 static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 154 static void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 155 static void expose(XEvent *e);
 156 static void focus(Client *c);
 157 static void focusin(XEvent *e);
 158 static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
 159 static Client *getclient(Window w);
 160 static ulong getcolor(const char *colstr);
 161 static long getstate(Window w);
 162 static Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size);
 163 static void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 164 static void grabkeys(void);
 165 static void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 166 static Bool isoccupied(uint t);
 167 static Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 168 static Bool isurgent(uint t);
 169 static void keypress(XEvent *e);
 170 static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
 171 static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 172 static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 173 static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 174 static void monocle(void);
 175 static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
 176 static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 177 static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 178 static void quit(const Arg *arg);
 179 static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 180 static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
 181 static void restack(void);
 182 static void run(void);
 183 static void scan(void);
 184 static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 185 static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
 186 static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
 187 static void setup(void);
 188 static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
 189 static void tag(const Arg *arg);
 190 static int textnw(const char *text, uint len);
 191 static void tile(void);
 192 static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
 193 static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
 194 static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
 195 static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
 196 static void unmanage(Client *c);
 197 static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 198 static void updatebar(void);
 199 static void updategeom(void);
 200 static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 201 static void updatetitle(Client *c);
 202 static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 203 static void view(const Arg *arg);
 204 static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 205 static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 206 static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 207 static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
 208
 209 /* variables */
 210 static char stext[256];
 211 static int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 212 static int by, bh, blw, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 213 static uint seltags = 0, sellt = 0;
 214 static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 215 static uint numlockmask = 0;
 216 static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 217         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 218         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 219         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 220         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 221         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 222         [Expose] = expose,
 223         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 224         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 225         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 226         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 227         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 228         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 229 };
 230 static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 231 static Bool otherwm, readin;
 232 static Bool running = True;
 233 static uint tagset[] = {1, 1}; /* after start, first tag is selected */
 234 static Client *clients = NULL;
 235 static Client *sel = NULL;
 236 static Client *stack = NULL;
 237 static Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 238 static Display *dpy;
 239 static DC dc = {0};
 240 static Layout *lt[] = { NULL, NULL };
 241 static Window root, barwin;
 242 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 243 #include "config.h"
 244
 245 /* compile-time check if all tags fit into an uint bit array. */
 246 struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[sizeof(uint) * 8 < LENGTH(tags) ? -1 : 1]; };
 247
 248 /* function implementations */
 249 void
 250 applyrules(Client *c) {
 251         uint i;
 252         Rule *r;
 253         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 254
 255         /* rule matching */
 256         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 257         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 258                 r = &rules[i];
 259                 if((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
 260                 && (!r->class || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class)))
 261                 && (!r->instance || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))) {
 262                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 263                         c->tags |= r->tags & TAGMASK;
 264                 }
 265         }
 266         if(ch.res_class)
 267                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 268         if(ch.res_name)
 269                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 270         if(!c->tags)
 271                 c->tags = tagset[seltags];
 272 }
 273
 274 void
 275 arrange(void) {
 276         Client *c;
 277
 278         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 279                 if(ISVISIBLE(c)) {
 280                         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
 281                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
 282                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 283                 }
 284                 else {
 285                         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 286                 }
 287
 288         focus(NULL);
 289         if(lt[sellt]->arrange)
 290                 lt[sellt]->arrange();
 291         restack();
 292 }
 293
 294 void
 295 attach(Client *c) {
 296         c->next = clients;
 297         clients = c;
 298 }
 299
 300 void
 301 attachstack(Client *c) {
 302         c->snext = stack;
 303         stack = c;
 304 }
 305
 306 void
 307 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 308         uint i, x, click;
 309         Arg arg = {0};
 310         Client *c;
 311         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 312
 313         click = ClkRootWin;
 314         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 315                 i = x = 0;
 316                 do x += TEXTW(tags[i]); while(ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
 317                 if(i < LENGTH(tags)) {
 318                         click = ClkTagBar;
 319                         arg.ui = 1 << i;
 320                 }
 321                 else if(ev->x < x + blw)
 322                         click = ClkLtSymbol;
 323                 else if(ev->x > wx + ww - TEXTW(stext))
 324                         click = ClkStatusText;
 325                 else
 326                         click = ClkWinTitle;
 327         }
 328         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 329                 focus(c);
 330                 click = ClkClientWin;
 331         }
 332
 333         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 334                 if(click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
 335                    && CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 336                         buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
 337 }
 338
 339 void
 340 checkotherwm(void) {
 341         otherwm = False;
 342         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 343
 344         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 345         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 346         XSync(dpy, False);
 347         if(otherwm)
 348                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 349         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 350         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 351         XSync(dpy, False);
 352 }
 353
 354 void
 355 cleanup(void) {
 356         Arg a = {.i = ~0};
 357         Layout foo = { "", NULL };
 358
 359         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 360         view(&a);
 361         lt[sellt] = &foo;
 362         while(stack)
 363                 unmanage(stack);
 364         if(dc.font.set)
 365                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 366         else
 367                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 368         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 369         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 370         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 371         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 372         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 373         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 374         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 375         XSync(dpy, False);
 376         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 377 }
 378
 379 void
 380 configure(Client *c) {
 381         XConfigureEvent ce;
 382
 383         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 384         ce.display = dpy;
 385         ce.event = c->win;
 386         ce.window = c->win;
 387         ce.x = c->x;
 388         ce.y = c->y;
 389         ce.width = c->w;
 390         ce.height = c->h;
 391         ce.border_width = c->bw;
 392         ce.above = None;
 393         ce.override_redirect = False;
 394         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 395 }
 396
 397 void
 398 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 399         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 400
 401         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 402                 sw = ev->width;
 403                 sh = ev->height;
 404                 updategeom();
 405                 updatebar();
 406                 arrange();
 407         }
 408 }
 409
 410 void
 411 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 412         Client *c;
 413         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 414         XWindowChanges wc;
 415
 416         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 417                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 418                         c->bw = ev->border_width;
 419                 else if(c->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange) {
 420                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 421                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 422                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 423                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 424                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 425                                 c->w = ev->width;
 426                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 427                                 c->h = ev->height;
 428                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 429                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 430                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 431                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 432                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 433                                 configure(c);
 434                         if(ISVISIBLE(c))
 435                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 436                 }
 437                 else
 438                         configure(c);
 439         }
 440         else {
 441                 wc.x = ev->x;
 442                 wc.y = ev->y;
 443                 wc.width = ev->width;
 444                 wc.height = ev->height;
 445                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 446                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 447                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 448                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 449         }
 450         XSync(dpy, False);
 451 }
 452
 453 void
 454 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 455         Client *c;
 456         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 457
 458         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 459                 unmanage(c);
 460 }
 461
 462 void
 463 detach(Client *c) {
 464         Client *i;
 465
 466         if (c != clients) {
 467                 for(i = clients; i->next != c; i = i->next);
 468                 i->next = c->next;
 469         }
 470         else {
 471                 clients = c->next;
 472         }
 473         c->next =  NULL;
 474 }
 475
 476 void
 477 detachstack(Client *c) {
 478         Client **tc;
 479
 480         for(tc = &stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
 481         *tc = c->snext;
 482 }
 483
 484 void
 485 drawbar(void) {
 486         int i, x;
 487
 488         dc.x = 0;
 489         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 490                 dc.w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
 491                 if(tagset[seltags] & 1 << i) {
 492                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 493                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 494                 }
 495                 else {
 496                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 497                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags & 1 << i, isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 498                 }
 499                 dc.x += dc.w;
 500         }
 501         if(blw > 0) {
 502                 dc.w = blw;
 503                 drawtext(lt[sellt]->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 504                 x = dc.x + dc.w;
 505         }
 506         else
 507                 x = dc.x;
 508         dc.w = TEXTW(stext);
 509         dc.x = ww - dc.w;
 510         if(dc.x < x) {
 511                 dc.x = x;
 512                 dc.w = ww - x;
 513         }
 514         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 515         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 516                 dc.x = x;
 517                 if(sel) {
 518                         drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel, False);
 519                         drawsquare(sel->isfixed, sel->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 520                 }
 521                 else
 522                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 523         }
 524         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, ww, bh, 0, 0);
 525         XSync(dpy, False);
 526 }
 527
 528 void
 529 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, ulong col[ColLast]) {
 530         int x;
 531         XGCValues gcv;
 532         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 533
 534         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 535         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 536         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 537         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 538         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 539         if(filled) {
 540                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 541                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 542         }
 543         else if(empty) {
 544                 r.width = r.height = x;
 545                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 546         }
 547 }
 548
 549 void
 550 drawtext(const char *text, ulong col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 551         int i, x, y, h, len, olen;
 552         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 553         char buf[256];
 554
 555         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 556         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 557         if(!text)
 558                 return;
 559         olen = strlen(text);
 560         len = MIN(olen, sizeof buf);
 561         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 562         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 563         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 564         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 565         /* shorten text if necessary */
 566         for(; len && (i = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h; len--);
 567         if(!len)
 568                 return;
 569         if(len < olen)
 570                 for(i = len; i && i > len - 3; buf[--i] = '.');
 571         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 572         if(dc.font.set)
 573                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 574         else
 575                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 576 }
 577
 578 void
 579 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 580         Client *c;
 581         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 582
 583         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 584                 return;
 585         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 586                 focus(c);
 587         else
 588                 focus(NULL);
 589 }
 590
 591 void
 592 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 593         va_list ap;
 594
 595         va_start(ap, errstr);
 596         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 597         va_end(ap);
 598         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 599 }
 600
 601 void
 602 expose(XEvent *e) {
 603         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 604
 605         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 606                 drawbar();
 607 }
 608
 609 void
 610 focus(Client *c) {
 611         if(!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
 612                 for(c = stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
 613         if(sel && sel != c) {
 614                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 615                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 616         }
 617         if(c) {
 618                 detachstack(c);
 619                 attachstack(c);
 620                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 621                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 622                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 623         }
 624         else
 625                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 626         sel = c;
 627         drawbar();
 628 }
 629
 630 void
 631 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 632         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 633
 634         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 635                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 636 }
 637
 638 void
 639 focusstack(const Arg *arg) {
 640         Client *c = NULL, *i;
 641
 642         if(!sel)
 643                 return;
 644         if (arg->i > 0) {
 645                 for(c = sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 646                 if(!c)
 647                         for(c = clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
 648         }
 649         else {
 650                 for(i = clients; i != sel; i = i->next)
 651                         if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 652                                 c = i;
 653                 if(!c)
 654                         for(; i; i = i->next)
 655                                 if(ISVISIBLE(i))
 656                                         c = i;
 657         }
 658         if(c) {
 659                 focus(c);
 660                 restack();
 661         }
 662 }
 663
 664 Client *
 665 getclient(Window w) {
 666         Client *c;
 667
 668         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 669         return c;
 670 }
 671
 672 ulong
 673 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 674         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 675         XColor color;
 676
 677         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 678                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 679         return color.pixel;
 680 }
 681
 682 long
 683 getstate(Window w) {
 684         int format, status;
 685         long result = -1;
 686         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 687         ulong n, extra;
 688         Atom real;
 689
 690         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 691                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 692         if(status != Success)
 693                 return -1;
 694         if(n != 0)
 695                 result = *p;
 696         XFree(p);
 697         return result;
 698 }
 699
 700 Bool
 701 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, uint size) {
 702         char **list = NULL;
 703         int n;
 704         XTextProperty name;
 705
 706         if(!text || size == 0)
 707                 return False;
 708         text[0] = '\0';
 709         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 710         if(!name.nitems)
 711                 return False;
 712         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 713                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 714         else {
 715                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 716                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 717                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 718                         XFreeStringList(list);
 719                 }
 720         }
 721         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 722         XFree(name.value);
 723         return True;
 724 }
 725
 726 void
 727 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 728         uint i, j;
 729         uint modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
 730
 731         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 732         if(focused) {
 733                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
 734                         if(buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
 735                                 for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
 736                                         XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button, buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j], c->win, False, BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 737         } else
 738                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
 739                             BUTTONMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 740 }
 741
 742 void
 743 grabkeys(void) {
 744         uint i, j;
 745         KeyCode code;
 746         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 747
 748         /* init modifier map */
 749         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 750         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 751                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 752                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 753                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 754                 }
 755         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 756
 757         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 758         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 759                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 760                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 761                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 762                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 763                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 764                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 765                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 766                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 767                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 768         }
 769 }
 770
 771 void
 772 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 773         char *def, **missing;
 774         int i, n;
 775
 776         missing = NULL;
 777         if(dc.font.set)
 778                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 779         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 780         if(missing) {
 781                 while(n--)
 782                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 783                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 784         }
 785         if(dc.font.set) {
 786                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 787                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 788                 char **font_names;
 789                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 790                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 791                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 792                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 793                         dc.font.ascent = MAX(dc.font.ascent, (*xfonts)->ascent);
 794                         dc.font.descent = MAX(dc.font.descent,(*xfonts)->descent);
 795                         xfonts++;
 796                 }
 797         }
 798         else {
 799                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 800                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 801                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 802                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 803                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 804                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 805                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 806                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 807         }
 808         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 809 }
 810
 811 Bool
 812 isoccupied(uint t) {
 813         Client *c;
 814
 815         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 816                 if(c->tags & 1 << t)
 817                         return True;
 818         return False;
 819 }
 820
 821 Bool
 822 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 823         int i, n;
 824         Atom *protocols;
 825         Bool ret = False;
 826
 827         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 828                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 829                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 830                                 ret = True;
 831                 XFree(protocols);
 832         }
 833         return ret;
 834 }
 835
 836 Bool
 837 isurgent(uint t) {
 838         Client *c;
 839
 840         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 841                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags & 1 << t)
 842                         return True;
 843         return False;
 844 }
 845
 846 void
 847 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 848         uint i;
 849         KeySym keysym;
 850         XKeyEvent *ev;
 851
 852         ev = &e->xkey;
 853         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 854         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 855                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 856                    && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
 857                    && keys[i].func)
 858                         keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
 859 }
 860
 861 void
 862 killclient(const Arg *arg) {
 863         XEvent ev;
 864
 865         if(!sel)
 866                 return;
 867         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 868                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 869                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 870                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 871                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 872                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 873                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 874                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 875         }
 876         else
 877                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 878 }
 879
 880 void
 881 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 882         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 883         Status rettrans;
 884         Window trans;
 885         XWindowChanges wc;
 886
 887         if(!(c = calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
 888                 eprint("fatal: could not calloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
 889         c->win = w;
 890
 891         /* geometry */
 892         c->x = wa->x;
 893         c->y = wa->y;
 894         c->w = wa->width;
 895         c->h = wa->height;
 896         c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
 897         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 898                 c->x = sx;
 899                 c->y = sy;
 900                 c->bw = wa->border_width;
 901         }
 902         else {
 903                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw > sx + sw)
 904                         c->x = sx + sw - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
 905                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw > sy + sh)
 906                         c->y = sy + sh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
 907                 c->x = MAX(c->x, sx);
 908                 /* only fix client y-offset, if the client center might cover the bar */
 909                 c->y = MAX(c->y, ((by == 0) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) >= wx) && (c->x + (c->w / 2) < wx + ww)) ? bh : sy);
 910                 c->bw = borderpx;
 911         }
 912
 913         wc.border_width = c->bw;
 914         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 915         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 916         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 917         updatesizehints(c);
 918         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
 919         grabbuttons(c, False);
 920         updatetitle(c);
 921         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
 922                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
 923         if(t)
 924                 c->tags = t->tags;
 925         else
 926                 applyrules(c);
 927         if(!c->isfloating)
 928                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
 929         if(c->isfloating)
 930                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
 931         attach(c);
 932         attachstack(c);
 933         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
 934         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
 935         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
 936         arrange();
 937 }
 938
 939 void
 940 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
 941         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
 942
 943         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
 944         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
 945                 grabkeys();
 946 }
 947
 948 void
 949 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
 950         static XWindowAttributes wa;
 951         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
 952
 953         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
 954                 return;
 955         if(wa.override_redirect)
 956                 return;
 957         if(!getclient(ev->window))
 958                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
 959 }
 960
 961 void
 962 monocle(void) {
 963         Client *c;
 964
 965         for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
 966                 resize(c, wx, wy, ww - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
 967 }
 968
 969 void
 970 movemouse(const Arg *arg) {
 971         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
 972         uint dui;
 973         Client *c;
 974         Window dummy;
 975         XEvent ev;
 976
 977         if(!(c = sel))
 978                 return;
 979         restack();
 980         ocx = nx = c->x;
 981         ocy = ny = c->y;
 982         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
 983         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
 984                 return;
 985         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
 986         for(;;) {
 987                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
 988                 switch (ev.type) {
 989                 case ButtonRelease:
 990                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
 991                         return;
 992                 case ConfigureRequest:
 993                 case Expose:
 994                 case MapRequest:
 995                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
 996                         break;
 997                 case MotionNotify:
 998                         XSync(dpy, False);
 999                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1000                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1001                         if(snap && nx >= wx && nx <= wx + ww
1002                                 && ny >= wy && ny <= wy + wh) {
1003                                 if(abs(wx - nx) < snap)
1004                                         nx = wx;
1005                                 else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1006                                         nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->bw;
1007                                 if(abs(wy - ny) < snap)
1008                                         ny = wy;
1009                                 else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->bw)) < snap)
1010                                         ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->bw;
1011                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange && (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
1012                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1013                         }
1014                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1015                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1016                         break;
1017                 }
1018         }
1019 }
1020
1021 Client *
1022 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1023         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
1024         return c;
1025 }
1026
1027 void
1028 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1029         Client *c;
1030         Window trans;
1031         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1032
1033         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1034                 return; /* ignore */
1035         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1036                 switch (ev->atom) {
1037                 default: break;
1038                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1039                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1040                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1041                                 arrange();
1042                         break;
1043                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1044                         updatesizehints(c);
1045                         break;
1046                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1047                         updatewmhints(c);
1048                         drawbar();
1049                         break;
1050                 }
1051                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1052                         updatetitle(c);
1053                         if(c == sel)
1054                                 drawbar();
1055                 }
1056         }
1057 }
1058
1059 void
1060 quit(const Arg *arg) {
1061         readin = running = False;
1062 }
1063
1064 void
1065 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1066         XWindowChanges wc;
1067
1068         if(sizehints) {
1069                 /* set minimum possible */
1070                 w = MAX(1, w);
1071                 h = MAX(1, h);
1072
1073                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1074                 w -= c->basew;
1075                 h -= c->baseh;
1076
1077                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1078                 if(c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
1079                         if(c->maxa < (float) w/h)
1080                                 w = h * c->maxa;
1081                         else if(c->mina > (float) h/w)
1082                                 h = w * c->mina;
1083                 }
1084
1085                 /* adjust for increment value */
1086                 if(c->incw)
1087                         w -= w % c->incw;
1088                 if(c->inch)
1089                         h -= h % c->inch;
1090
1091                 /* restore base dimensions */
1092                 w += c->basew;
1093                 h += c->baseh;
1094
1095                 w = MAX(w, c->minw);
1096                 h = MAX(h, c->minh);
1097
1098                 if(c->maxw)
1099                         w = MIN(w, c->maxw);
1100
1101                 if(c->maxh)
1102                         h = MIN(h, c->maxh);
1103         }
1104         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1105                 return;
1106         if(x > sx + sw)
1107                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->bw;
1108         if(y > sy + sh)
1109                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->bw;
1110         if(x + w + 2 * c->bw < sx)
1111                 x = sx;
1112         if(y + h + 2 * c->bw < sy)
1113                 y = sy;
1114         if(h < bh)
1115                 h = bh;
1116         if(w < bh)
1117                 w = bh;
1118         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1119                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1120                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1121                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1122                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1123                 wc.border_width = c->bw;
1124                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1125                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1126                 configure(c);
1127                 XSync(dpy, False);
1128         }
1129 }
1130
1131 void
1132 resizemouse(const Arg *arg) {
1133         int ocx, ocy;
1134         int nw, nh;
1135         Client *c;
1136         XEvent ev;
1137
1138         if(!(c = sel))
1139                 return;
1140         restack();
1141         ocx = c->x;
1142         ocy = c->y;
1143         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1144         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1145                 return;
1146         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1147         for(;;) {
1148                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1149                 switch(ev.type) {
1150                 case ButtonRelease:
1151                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1152                                         c->w + c->bw - 1, c->h + c->bw - 1);
1153                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1154                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1155                         return;
1156                 case ConfigureRequest:
1157                 case Expose:
1158                 case MapRequest:
1159                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1160                         break;
1161                 case MotionNotify:
1162                         XSync(dpy, False);
1163                         nw = MAX(ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1164                         nh = MAX(ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->bw + 1, 1);
1165
1166                         if(snap && nw >= wx && nw <= wx + ww
1167                                 && nh >= wy && nh <= wy + wh) {
1168                                 if(!c->isfloating && lt[sellt]->arrange
1169                                    && (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap))
1170                                         togglefloating(NULL);
1171                         }
1172                         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
1173                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1174                         break;
1175                 }
1176         }
1177 }
1178
1179 void
1180 restack(void) {
1181         Client *c;
1182         XEvent ev;
1183         XWindowChanges wc;
1184
1185         drawbar();
1186         if(!sel)
1187                 return;
1188         if(sel->isfloating || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1189                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1190         if(lt[sellt]->arrange) {
1191                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1192                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1193                 for(c = stack; c; c = c->snext)
1194                         if(!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
1195                                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1196                                 wc.sibling = c->win;
1197                         }
1198         }
1199         XSync(dpy, False);
1200         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1201 }
1202
1203 void
1204 run(void) {
1205         char *p;
1206         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1207         fd_set rd;
1208         int r, xfd;
1209         uint len, offset;
1210         XEvent ev;
1211
1212         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1213         XSync(dpy, False);
1214         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1215         readin = True;
1216         offset = 0;
1217         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1218         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1219         while(running) {
1220                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1221                 if(readin)
1222                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1223                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1224                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1225                         if(errno == EINTR)
1226                                 continue;
1227                         eprint("select failed\n");
1228                 }
1229                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1230                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1231                         case -1:
1232                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1233                                 readin = False;
1234                                 break;
1235                         case 0:
1236                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1237                                 readin = False;
1238                                 break;
1239                         default:
1240                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1241                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1242                                                 *p = '\0';
1243                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1244                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1245                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1246                                                 offset = r;
1247                                                 if(r)
1248                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1249                                                 break;
1250                                         }
1251                                 break;
1252                         }
1253                         drawbar();
1254                 }
1255                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1256                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1257                         if(handler[ev.type])
1258                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1259                 }
1260         }
1261 }
1262
1263 void
1264 scan(void) {
1265         uint i, num;
1266         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1267         XWindowAttributes wa;
1268
1269         wins = NULL;
1270         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1271                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1272                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1273                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1274                                 continue;
1275                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1276                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1277                 }
1278                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1279                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1280                                 continue;
1281                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1282                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1283                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1284                 }
1285         }
1286         if(wins)
1287                 XFree(wins);
1288 }
1289
1290 void
1291 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1292         long data[] = {state, None};
1293
1294         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1295                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1296 }
1297
1298 void
1299 setlayout(const Arg *arg) {
1300         if(!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != lt[sellt])
1301                 sellt ^= 1;
1302         if(arg && arg->v)
1303                 lt[sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
1304         if(sel)
1305                 arrange();
1306         else
1307                 drawbar();
1308 }
1309
1310 /* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutly */
1311 void
1312 setmfact(const Arg *arg) {
1313         float f;
1314
1315         if(!arg || !lt[sellt]->arrange)
1316                 return;
1317         f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
1318         if(f < 0.1 || f > 0.9)
1319                 return;
1320         mfact = f;
1321         arrange();
1322 }
1323
1324 void
1325 setup(void) {
1326         uint i;
1327         int w;
1328         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1329
1330         /* init screen */
1331         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1332         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1333         initfont(font);
1334         sx = 0;
1335         sy = 0;
1336         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1337         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1338         bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
1339         lt[0] = &layouts[0];
1340         lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
1341         updategeom();
1342
1343         /* init atoms */
1344         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1345         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1346         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1347         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1348         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1349         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1350
1351         /* init cursors */
1352         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1353         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1354         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1355
1356         /* init appearance */
1357         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(normbordercolor);
1358         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(normbgcolor);
1359         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(normfgcolor);
1360         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(selbordercolor);
1361         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(selbgcolor);
1362         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(selfgcolor);
1363         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1364         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1365         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1366         if(!dc.font.set)
1367                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1368
1369         /* init bar */
1370         for(blw = i = 0; LENGTH(layouts) > 1 && i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1371                 w = TEXTW(layouts[i].symbol);
1372                 blw = MAX(blw, w);
1373         }
1374
1375         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1376         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1377         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1378
1379         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, wx, by, ww, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1380                         CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1381                         CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1382         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1383         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1384         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1385         drawbar();
1386
1387         /* EWMH support per view */
1388         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1389                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1390
1391         /* select for events */
1392         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask|ButtonPressMask
1393                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1394         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1395         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1396
1397
1398         /* grab keys */
1399         grabkeys();
1400 }
1401
1402 void
1403 spawn(const Arg *arg) {
1404         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1405          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1406         if(fork() == 0) {
1407                 if(fork() == 0) {
1408                         if(dpy)
1409                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1410                         setsid();
1411                         execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
1412                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
1413                         perror(" failed");
1414                 }
1415                 exit(0);
1416         }
1417         wait(0);
1418 }
1419
1420 void
1421 tag(const Arg *arg) {
1422         if(sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
1423                 sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
1424                 arrange();
1425         }
1426 }
1427
1428 int
1429 textnw(const char *text, uint len) {
1430         XRectangle r;
1431
1432         if(dc.font.set) {
1433                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1434                 return r.width;
1435         }
1436         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1437 }
1438
1439 void
1440 tile(void) {
1441         int x, y, h, w, mw;
1442         uint i, n;
1443         Client *c;
1444
1445         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
1446         if(n == 0)
1447                 return;
1448
1449         /* master */
1450         c = nexttiled(clients);
1451         mw = mfact * ww;
1452         resize(c, wx, wy, (n == 1 ? ww : mw) - 2 * c->bw, wh - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1453
1454         if(--n == 0)
1455                 return;
1456
1457         /* tile stack */
1458         x = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? c->x + c->w + 2 * c->bw : wx + mw;
1459         y = wy;
1460         w = (wx + mw > c->x + c->w) ? wx + ww - x : ww - mw;
1461         h = wh / n;
1462         if(h < bh)
1463                 h = wh;
1464
1465         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1466                 resize(c, x, y, w - 2 * c->bw, /* remainder */ ((i + 1 == n)
1467                        ? (wy + wh) - y : h) - 2 * c->bw, resizehints);
1468                 if(h != wh)
1469                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->bw;
1470         }
1471 }
1472
1473 void
1474 togglebar(const Arg *arg) {
1475         showbar = !showbar;
1476         updategeom();
1477         updatebar();
1478         arrange();
1479 }
1480
1481 void
1482 togglefloating(const Arg *arg) {
1483         if(!sel)
1484                 return;
1485         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating || sel->isfixed;
1486         if(sel->isfloating)
1487                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1488         arrange();
1489 }
1490
1491 void
1492 toggletag(const Arg *arg) {
1493         uint mask = sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1494
1495         if(sel && mask) {
1496                 sel->tags = mask;
1497                 arrange();
1498         }
1499 }
1500
1501 void
1502 toggleview(const Arg *arg) {
1503         uint mask = tagset[seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
1504
1505         if(mask) {
1506                 tagset[seltags] = mask;
1507                 arrange();
1508         }
1509 }
1510
1511 void
1512 unmanage(Client *c) {
1513         XWindowChanges wc;
1514
1515         wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
1516         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1517         XGrabServer(dpy);
1518         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1519         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1520         detach(c);
1521         detachstack(c);
1522         if(sel == c)
1523                 focus(NULL);
1524         if(c->aux && c->freeaux)
1525                 c->freeaux(c->aux);
1526         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1527         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1528         free(c);
1529         XSync(dpy, False);
1530         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1531         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1532         arrange();
1533 }
1534
1535 void
1536 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1537         Client *c;
1538         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1539
1540         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1541                 unmanage(c);
1542 }
1543
1544 void
1545 updatebar(void) {
1546         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1547                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1548         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, ww, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1549         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, wx, by, ww, bh);
1550 }
1551
1552 void
1553 updategeom(void) {
1554 #ifdef XINERAMA
1555         int i;
1556         XineramaScreenInfo *info = NULL;
1557
1558         /* window area geometry */
1559         if(XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
1560                 info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &i);
1561                 wx = info[xidx].x_org;
1562                 wy = showbar && topbar ?  info[xidx].y_org + bh : info[xidx].y_org;
1563                 ww = info[xidx].width;
1564                 wh = showbar ? info[xidx].height - bh : info[xidx].height;
1565                 XFree(info);
1566         }
1567         else
1568 #endif
1569         {
1570                 wx = sx;
1571                 wy = showbar && topbar ? sy + bh : sy;
1572                 ww = sw;
1573                 wh = showbar ? sh - bh : sh;
1574         }
1575
1576         /* bar position */
1577         by = showbar ? (topbar ? wy - bh : wy + wh) : -bh;
1578 }
1579
1580 void
1581 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1582         long msize;
1583         XSizeHints size;
1584
1585         XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize);
1586         if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1587                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1588                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1589         }
1590         else if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1591                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1592                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1593         }
1594         else
1595                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1596         if(size.flags & PResizeInc) {
1597                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1598                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1599         }
1600         else
1601                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1602         if(size.flags & PMaxSize) {
1603                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1604                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1605         }
1606         else
1607                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1608         if(size.flags & PMinSize) {
1609                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1610                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1611         }
1612         else if(size.flags & PBaseSize) {
1613                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1614                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1615         }
1616         else
1617                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1618         if(size.flags & PAspect) {
1619                 c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / (float)size.min_aspect.x;
1620                 c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / (float)size.max_aspect.y;
1621         }
1622         else
1623                 c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
1624         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1625                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1626 }
1627
1628 void
1629 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1630         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1631                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1632 }
1633
1634 void
1635 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1636         XWMHints *wmh;
1637
1638         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1639                 if(c == sel)
1640                         sel->isurgent = False;
1641                 else
1642                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1643                 XFree(wmh);
1644         }
1645 }
1646
1647 void
1648 view(const Arg *arg) {
1649         if(arg && (arg->i & TAGMASK) == tagset[seltags])
1650                 return;
1651         seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
1652         if(arg && (arg->ui & TAGMASK))
1653                 tagset[seltags] = arg->i & TAGMASK;
1654         arrange();
1655 }
1656
1657 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1658  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1659  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1660 int
1661 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1662         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1663         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1664         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1665         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1666         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1667         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1668         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1669         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1670         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1671                 return 0;
1672         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1673                         ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1674         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1675 }
1676
1677 int
1678 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1679         return 0;
1680 }
1681
1682 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1683  * is already running. */
1684 int
1685 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1686         otherwm = True;
1687         return -1;
1688 }
1689
1690 void
1691 zoom(const Arg *arg) {
1692         Client *c = sel;
1693
1694         if(!lt[sellt]->arrange || lt[sellt]->arrange == monocle || (sel && sel->isfloating))
1695                 return;
1696         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1697                 if(!c || !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1698                         return;
1699         detach(c);
1700         attach(c);
1701         focus(c);
1702         arrange();
1703 }
1704
1705 int
1706 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1707         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1708                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1709         else if(argc != 1)
1710                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1711
1712         if(!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
1713                 fprintf(stderr, "warning: no locale support\n");
1714
1715         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1716                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1717
1718         checkotherwm();
1719         setup();
1720         scan();
1721         run();
1722         cleanup();
1723
1724         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1725         return 0;
1726 }