dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43 /* macros */
  44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49
  50 /* enums */
  51 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  52 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  53 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  54 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56 /* typedefs */
  57 typedef struct Client Client;
  58 struct Client {
  59         char name[256];
  60         int x, y, w, h;
  61         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  62         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  63         long flags;
  64         unsigned int border, oldborder;
  65         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  66         Bool *tags;
  67         Client *next;
  68         Client *prev;
  69         Client *snext;
  70         Window win;
  71 };
  72
  73 typedef struct {
  74         int x, y, w, h;
  75         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  76         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  77         Drawable drawable;
  78         GC gc;
  79         struct {
  80                 int ascent;
  81                 int descent;
  82                 int height;
  83                 XFontSet set;
  84                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  85         } font;
  86 } DC; /* draw context */
  87
  88 typedef struct {
  89         unsigned long mod;
  90         KeySym keysym;
  91         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  92         const char *arg;
  93 } Key;
  94
  95 typedef struct {
  96         const char *symbol;
  97         void (*arrange)(void);
  98         Bool isfloating;
  99 } Layout;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         const char *class;
 103         const char *instance;
 104         const char *title;
 105         const char *tag;
 106         Bool isfloating;
 107 } Rule;
 108
 109 /* function declarations */
 110 void applygeom(const char *arg);
 111 void applyrules(Client *c);
 112 void arrange(void);
 113 void attach(Client *c);
 114 void attachstack(Client *c);
 115 void ban(Client *c);
 116 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 117 void checkotherwm(void);
 118 void cleanup(void);
 119 void configure(Client *c);
 120 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 121 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 122 unsigned int counttiled(void);
 123 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 124 void detach(Client *c);
 125 void detachstack(Client *c);
 126 void drawbar(void);
 127 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 128 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 129 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 130 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 131 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 132 void expose(XEvent *e);
 133 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 134 void focus(Client *c);
 135 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 136 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 137 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 138 Client *getclient(Window w);
 139 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 140 double getdouble(const char *s);
 141 long getstate(Window w);
 142 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 143 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 144 void grabkeys(void);
 145 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 146 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 147 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 148 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 149 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 150 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 151 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 152 void killclient(const char *arg);
 153 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 154 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 155 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 156 void monocle(void);
 157 void movemouse(Client *c);
 158 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 159 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 160 void quit(const char *arg);
 161 void reapply(const char *arg);
 162 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 163 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 164 void restack(void);
 165 void run(void);
 166 void scan(void);
 167 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 168 void setgeom(const char *arg);
 169 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 170 void setup(void);
 171 void spawn(const char *arg);
 172 void tag(const char *arg);
 173 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 174 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 175 void tileh(void);
 176 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 177 Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
 178 void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
 179 void tilev(void);
 180 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 181 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 182 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 183 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 184 void unban(Client *c);
 185 void unmanage(Client *c);
 186 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 187 void updatebarpos(void);
 188 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 189 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 190 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 191 void view(const char *arg);
 192 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 193 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 194 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 195 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 196 void zoom(const char *arg);
 197
 198 /* variables */
 199 char stext[256], buf[256];
 200 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 201 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 202 int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
 203 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 204 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 205         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 206         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 207         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 208         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 209         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 210         [Expose] = expose,
 211         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 212         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 213         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 214         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 215         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 216         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 217 };
 218 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 219 Bool otherwm, readin;
 220 Bool running = True;
 221 Bool *prevtags;
 222 Bool *seltags;
 223 Client *clients = NULL;
 224 Client *sel = NULL;
 225 Client *stack = NULL;
 226 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 227 Display *dpy;
 228 DC dc = {0};
 229 Layout *lt = NULL;
 230 Window root, barwin;
 231
 232 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 233 #include "config.h"
 234 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 235 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 236
 237 /* function implementations */
 238
 239 void
 240 applygeometry(const char *arg) {
 241         static const char *lastArg = NULL;
 242         char delim, op, *s, *e, *p;
 243         double val;
 244         int i, *map[] = { &bx,  &by,  &bw,  &bh,
 245                           &wx,  &wy,  &ww,  &wh,
 246                           &mx,  &my,  &mw,  &mh,
 247                           &tx,  &ty,  &tw,  &th,
 248                           &mox, &moy, &mow, &moh };
 249
 250         if(!arg)
 251                 arg = lastArg;
 252         else
 253                 lastArg = arg;
 254         if(!lastArg)
 255                 return;
 256         strncpy(buf, arg, sizeof buf);
 257         for(i = 0, e = s = buf; i < LENGTH(map) && e; e++)
 258                 if(*e == ' ' || *e == 0) {
 259                         delim = *e;
 260                         *e = 0;
 261                         op = 0;
 262                         /* check if there is an operator */
 263                         for(p = s; p < e && *p != '-' && *p != '+' && *p != '*'; p++);
 264                         if(*p) {
 265                                 op = *p;
 266                                 *p = 0;
 267                         }
 268                         val = getdouble(s);
 269                         if(op && p > s) { /* intermediate operand, e.g. H-B */
 270                                 *(map[i]) = (int)val;
 271                                 s = ++p;
 272                                 val = getdouble(s);
 273                         }
 274                         switch(op) {
 275                         default:  *(map[i])  = (int)val; break;
 276                         case '-': *(map[i]) -= (int)val; break;
 277                         case '+': *(map[i]) += (int)val; break;
 278                         case '*': *(map[i])  = (int)(((double)*(map[i])) * val); break;
 279                         }
 280                         if(delim == 0)
 281                                 e = NULL;
 282                         else
 283                                 s = ++e;
 284                         i++;
 285                 }
 286 }
 287
 288 void
 289 applyrules(Client *c) {
 290         unsigned int i;
 291         Bool matched = False;
 292         Rule *r;
 293         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 294
 295         /* rule matching */
 296         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 297         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 298                 r = &rules[i];
 299                 if(strstr(c->name, r->title)
 300                 || (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
 301                 || (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
 302                 {
 303                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 304                         if(r->tag) {
 305                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 306                                 matched = True;
 307                         }
 308                 }
 309         }
 310         if(ch.res_class)
 311                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 312         if(ch.res_name)
 313                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 314         if(!matched)
 315                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 316 }
 317
 318 void
 319 arrange(void) {
 320         Client *c;
 321
 322         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 323                 if(isvisible(c))
 324                         unban(c);
 325                 else
 326                         ban(c);
 327
 328         focus(NULL);
 329         lt->arrange();
 330         restack();
 331 }
 332
 333 void
 334 attach(Client *c) {
 335         if(clients)
 336                 clients->prev = c;
 337         c->next = clients;
 338         clients = c;
 339 }
 340
 341 void
 342 attachstack(Client *c) {
 343         c->snext = stack;
 344         stack = c;
 345 }
 346
 347 void
 348 ban(Client *c) {
 349         if(c->isbanned)
 350                 return;
 351         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 352         c->isbanned = True;
 353 }
 354
 355 void
 356 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 357         unsigned int i, x;
 358         Client *c;
 359         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 360
 361         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 362                 x = 0;
 363                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 364                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 365                         if(ev->x < x) {
 366                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 367                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 368                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 369                                         else
 370                                                 view(tags[i]);
 371                                 }
 372                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 373                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 374                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 375                                         else
 376                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 377                                 }
 378                                 return;
 379                         }
 380                 }
 381         }
 382         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 383                 focus(c);
 384                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 385                         return;
 386                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 387                         restack();
 388                         movemouse(c);
 389                 }
 390                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 391                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 392                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 393                         else
 394                                 zoom(NULL);
 395                 }
 396                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 397                         restack();
 398                         resizemouse(c);
 399                 }
 400         }
 401 }
 402
 403 void
 404 checkotherwm(void) {
 405         otherwm = False;
 406         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 407
 408         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 409         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 410         XSync(dpy, False);
 411         if(otherwm)
 412                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 413         XSync(dpy, False);
 414         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 415         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 416         XSync(dpy, False);
 417 }
 418
 419 void
 420 cleanup(void) {
 421         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 422         while(stack) {
 423                 unban(stack);
 424                 unmanage(stack);
 425         }
 426         if(dc.font.set)
 427                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 428         else
 429                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 430         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 431         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 432         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 433         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 434         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 435         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 436         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 437         XSync(dpy, False);
 438         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 439 }
 440
 441 void
 442 configure(Client *c) {
 443         XConfigureEvent ce;
 444
 445         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 446         ce.display = dpy;
 447         ce.event = c->win;
 448         ce.window = c->win;
 449         ce.x = c->x;
 450         ce.y = c->y;
 451         ce.width = c->w;
 452         ce.height = c->h;
 453         ce.border_width = c->border;
 454         ce.above = None;
 455         ce.override_redirect = False;
 456         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 457 }
 458
 459 void
 460 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 461         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 462
 463         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh))
 464                 setgeom(NULL);
 465 }
 466
 467 void
 468 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 469         Client *c;
 470         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 471         XWindowChanges wc;
 472
 473         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 474                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 475                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 476                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 477                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 478                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 479                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 480                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 481                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 482                                 c->w = ev->width;
 483                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 484                                 c->h = ev->height;
 485                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 486                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 487                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 488                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 489                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 490                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 491                                 configure(c);
 492                         if(isvisible(c))
 493                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 494                 }
 495                 else
 496                         configure(c);
 497         }
 498         else {
 499                 wc.x = ev->x;
 500                 wc.y = ev->y;
 501                 wc.width = ev->width;
 502                 wc.height = ev->height;
 503                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 504                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 505                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 506                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 507         }
 508         XSync(dpy, False);
 509 }
 510
 511 unsigned int
 512 counttiled(void) {
 513         unsigned int n;
 514         Client *c;
 515
 516         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
 517         return n;
 518 }
 519
 520 void
 521 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 522         Client *c;
 523         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 524
 525         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 526                 unmanage(c);
 527 }
 528
 529 void
 530 detach(Client *c) {
 531         if(c->prev)
 532                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 533         if(c->next)
 534                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 535         if(c == clients)
 536                 clients = c->next;
 537         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 538 }
 539
 540 void
 541 detachstack(Client *c) {
 542         Client **tc;
 543
 544         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 545         *tc = c->snext;
 546 }
 547
 548 void
 549 drawbar(void) {
 550         int i, x;
 551         Client *c;
 552
 553         dc.x = 0;
 554         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 555         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 556                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 557                 if(seltags[i]) {
 558                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 559                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 560                 }
 561                 else {
 562                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 563                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 564                 }
 565                 dc.x += dc.w;
 566         }
 567         dc.w = blw;
 568         drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 569         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 570         dc.w = textw(stext);
 571         dc.x = bw - dc.w;
 572         if(dc.x < x) {
 573                 dc.x = x;
 574                 dc.w = bw - x;
 575         }
 576         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 577         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 578                 dc.x = x;
 579                 if(c) {
 580                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 581                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 582                 }
 583                 else
 584                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 585         }
 586         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
 587         XSync(dpy, False);
 588 }
 589
 590 void
 591 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 592         int x;
 593         XGCValues gcv;
 594         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 595
 596         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 597         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 598         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 599         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 600         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 601         if(filled) {
 602                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 603                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 604         }
 605         else if(empty) {
 606                 r.width = r.height = x;
 607                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 608         }
 609 }
 610
 611 void
 612 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 613         int x, y, w, h;
 614         unsigned int len, olen;
 615         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 616
 617         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 618         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 619         if(!text)
 620                 return;
 621         w = 0;
 622         olen = len = strlen(text);
 623         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 624                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 625         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 626         buf[len] = 0;
 627         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 628         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 629         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 630         /* shorten text if necessary */
 631         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 632                 buf[--len] = 0;
 633         if(len < olen) {
 634                 if(len > 1)
 635                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 636                 if(len > 2)
 637                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 638                 if(len > 3)
 639                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 640         }
 641         if(w > dc.w)
 642                 return; /* too long */
 643         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 644         if(dc.font.set)
 645                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 646         else
 647                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 648 }
 649
 650 void *
 651 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 652         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 653
 654         if(!res)
 655                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 656         return res;
 657 }
 658
 659 void
 660 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 661         Client *c;
 662         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 663
 664         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 665                 return;
 666         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 667                 focus(c);
 668         else
 669                 focus(NULL);
 670 }
 671
 672 void
 673 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 674         va_list ap;
 675
 676         va_start(ap, errstr);
 677         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 678         va_end(ap);
 679         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 680 }
 681
 682 void
 683 expose(XEvent *e) {
 684         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 685
 686         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 687                 drawbar();
 688 }
 689
 690 void
 691 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 692         Client *c;
 693
 694         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 695                 if(isvisible(c))
 696                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 697 }
 698
 699 void
 700 focus(Client *c) {
 701         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 702                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 703         if(sel && sel != c) {
 704                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 705                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 706         }
 707         if(c) {
 708                 detachstack(c);
 709                 attachstack(c);
 710                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 711         }
 712         sel = c;
 713         if(c) {
 714                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 715                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 716         }
 717         else
 718                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 719         drawbar();
 720 }
 721
 722 void
 723 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 724         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 725
 726         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 727                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 728 }
 729
 730 void
 731 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 732         Client *c;
 733
 734         if(!sel)
 735                 return;
 736         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 737         if(!c)
 738                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 739         if(c) {
 740                 focus(c);
 741                 restack();
 742         }
 743 }
 744
 745 void
 746 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 747         Client *c;
 748
 749         if(!sel)
 750                 return;
 751         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 752         if(!c) {
 753                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 754                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 755         }
 756         if(c) {
 757                 focus(c);
 758                 restack();
 759         }
 760 }
 761
 762 Client *
 763 getclient(Window w) {
 764         Client *c;
 765
 766         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 767         return c;
 768 }
 769
 770 unsigned long
 771 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 772         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 773         XColor color;
 774
 775         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 776                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 777         return color.pixel;
 778 }
 779
 780 long
 781 getstate(Window w) {
 782         int format, status;
 783         long result = -1;
 784         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 785         unsigned long n, extra;
 786         Atom real;
 787
 788         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 789                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 790         if(status != Success)
 791                 return -1;
 792         if(n != 0)
 793                 result = *p;
 794         XFree(p);
 795         return result;
 796 }
 797
 798 Bool
 799 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 800         char **list = NULL;
 801         int n;
 802         XTextProperty name;
 803
 804         if(!text || size == 0)
 805                 return False;
 806         text[0] = '\0';
 807         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 808         if(!name.nitems)
 809                 return False;
 810         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 811                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 812         else {
 813                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 814                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 815                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 816                         XFreeStringList(list);
 817                 }
 818         }
 819         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 820         XFree(name.value);
 821         return True;
 822 }
 823
 824 void
 825 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 826         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 827
 828         if(focused) {
 829                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 830                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 831                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 832                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 833                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 834                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 835                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 836                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 837
 838                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 839                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 840                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 841                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 842                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 843                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 844                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 845                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 846
 847                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 848                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 849                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 850                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 851                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 852                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 853                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 854                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 855         }
 856         else
 857                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 858                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 859 }
 860
 861 void
 862 grabkeys(void)  {
 863         unsigned int i, j;
 864         KeyCode code;
 865         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 866
 867         /* init modifier map */
 868         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 869         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 870                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 871                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 872                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 873                 }
 874         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 875
 876         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 877         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 878                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 879                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 880                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 881                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 882                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 883                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 884                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 885                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 886                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 887         }
 888 }
 889
 890 unsigned int
 891 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 892         unsigned int i;
 893
 894         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 895         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 896 }
 897
 898 void
 899 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 900         char *def, **missing;
 901         int i, n;
 902
 903         missing = NULL;
 904         if(dc.font.set)
 905                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 906         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 907         if(missing) {
 908                 while(n--)
 909                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 910                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 911         }
 912         if(dc.font.set) {
 913                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 914                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 915                 char **font_names;
 916                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 917                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 918                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 919                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 920                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 921                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 922                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 923                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 924                         xfonts++;
 925                 }
 926         }
 927         else {
 928                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 929                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 930                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 931                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 932                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 933                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 934                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 935                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 936         }
 937         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 938 }
 939
 940 Bool
 941 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 942         Client *c;
 943
 944         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 945                 if(c->tags[t])
 946                         return True;
 947         return False;
 948 }
 949
 950 Bool
 951 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 952         int i, n;
 953         Atom *protocols;
 954         Bool ret = False;
 955
 956         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 957                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 958                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 959                                 ret = True;
 960                 XFree(protocols);
 961         }
 962         return ret;
 963 }
 964
 965 Bool
 966 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 967         Client *c;
 968
 969         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 970                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 971                         return True;
 972         return False;
 973 }
 974
 975 Bool
 976 isvisible(Client *c) {
 977         unsigned int i;
 978
 979         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 980                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 981                         return True;
 982         return False;
 983 }
 984
 985 void
 986 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 987         unsigned int i;
 988         KeySym keysym;
 989         XKeyEvent *ev;
 990
 991         ev = &e->xkey;
 992         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 993         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 994                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 995                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 996                 {
 997                         if(keys[i].func)
 998                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 999                 }
1000 }
1001
1002 void
1003 killclient(const char *arg) {
1004         XEvent ev;
1005
1006         if(!sel)
1007                 return;
1008         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
1009                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
1010                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
1011                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
1012                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
1013                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
1014                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
1015                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
1016         }
1017         else
1018                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
1019 }
1020
1021 void
1022 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1023         Client *c, *t = NULL;
1024         Status rettrans;
1025         Window trans;
1026         XWindowChanges wc;
1027
1028         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1029         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1030         c->win = w;
1031
1032         /* geometry */
1033         c->x = wa->x;
1034         c->y = wa->y;
1035         c->w = wa->width;
1036         c->h = wa->height;
1037         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1038         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1039                 c->x = sx;
1040                 c->y = sy;
1041                 c->border = wa->border_width;
1042         }
1043         else {
1044                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wx + ww)
1045                         c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1046                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > wy + wh)
1047                         c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1048                 if(c->x < wx)
1049                         c->x = wx;
1050                 if(c->y < wy)
1051                         c->y = wy;
1052                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1053         }
1054
1055         wc.border_width = c->border;
1056         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1057         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1058         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1059         updatesizehints(c);
1060         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1061         grabbuttons(c, False);
1062         updatetitle(c);
1063         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1064                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1065         if(t)
1066                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1067         else
1068                 applyrules(c);
1069         if(!c->isfloating)
1070                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1071         attach(c);
1072         attachstack(c);
1073         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1074         ban(c);
1075         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1076         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1077         arrange();
1078 }
1079
1080 void
1081 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1082         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1083
1084         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1085         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1086                 grabkeys();
1087 }
1088
1089 void
1090 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1091         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1092         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1093
1094         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1095                 return;
1096         if(wa.override_redirect)
1097                 return;
1098         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1099                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1100 }
1101
1102 void
1103 monocle(void) {
1104         Client *c;
1105
1106         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1107                 if(isvisible(c))
1108                         resize(c, mox, moy, mow, moh, RESIZEHINTS);
1109 }
1110
1111 void
1112 movemouse(Client *c) {
1113         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1114         unsigned int dui;
1115         Window dummy;
1116         XEvent ev;
1117
1118         ocx = nx = c->x;
1119         ocy = ny = c->y;
1120         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1121                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1122                 return;
1123         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1124         for(;;) {
1125                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1126                 switch (ev.type) {
1127                 case ButtonRelease:
1128                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1129                         return;
1130                 case ConfigureRequest:
1131                 case Expose:
1132                 case MapRequest:
1133                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1134                         break;
1135                 case MotionNotify:
1136                         XSync(dpy, False);
1137                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1138                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1139                         if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1140                                 nx = wx;
1141                         else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1142                                 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1143                         if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1144                                 ny = wy;
1145                         else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1146                                 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1147                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1148                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1149                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1150                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1151                         break;
1152                 }
1153         }
1154 }
1155
1156 Client *
1157 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1158         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1159         return c;
1160 }
1161
1162 void
1163 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1164         Client *c;
1165         Window trans;
1166         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1167
1168         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1169                 return; /* ignore */
1170         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1171                 switch (ev->atom) {
1172                 default: break;
1173                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1174                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1175                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1176                                 arrange();
1177                         break;
1178                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1179                         updatesizehints(c);
1180                         break;
1181                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1182                         updatewmhints(c);
1183                         drawbar();
1184                         break;
1185                 }
1186                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1187                         updatetitle(c);
1188                         if(c == sel)
1189                                 drawbar();
1190                 }
1191         }
1192 }
1193
1194 void
1195 quit(const char *arg) {
1196         readin = running = False;
1197 }
1198
1199 void
1200 reapply(const char *arg) {
1201         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1202         Client *c;
1203
1204         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1205                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1206                 applyrules(c);
1207         }
1208         arrange();
1209 }
1210
1211 void
1212 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1213         XWindowChanges wc;
1214
1215         if(sizehints) {
1216                 /* set minimum possible */
1217                 if (w < 1)
1218                         w = 1;
1219                 if (h < 1)
1220                         h = 1;
1221
1222                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1223                 w -= c->basew;
1224                 h -= c->baseh;
1225
1226                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1227                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1228                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1229                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1230                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1231                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1232                 }
1233
1234                 /* adjust for increment value */
1235                 if(c->incw)
1236                         w -= w % c->incw;
1237                 if(c->inch)
1238                         h -= h % c->inch;
1239
1240                 /* restore base dimensions */
1241                 w += c->basew;
1242                 h += c->baseh;
1243
1244                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1245                         w = c->minw;
1246                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1247                         h = c->minh;
1248                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1249                         w = c->maxw;
1250                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1251                         h = c->maxh;
1252         }
1253         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1254                 return;
1255         if(x > sx + sw)
1256                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1257         if(y > sy + sh)
1258                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1259         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1260                 x = sx;
1261         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1262                 y = sy;
1263         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1264                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1265                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1266                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1267                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1268                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1269                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1270                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1271                 configure(c);
1272                 XSync(dpy, False);
1273         }
1274 }
1275
1276 void
1277 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1278         int ocx, ocy;
1279         int nw, nh;
1280         XEvent ev;
1281
1282         ocx = c->x;
1283         ocy = c->y;
1284         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1285                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1286                 return;
1287         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1288         for(;;) {
1289                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1290                 switch(ev.type) {
1291                 case ButtonRelease:
1292                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1293                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1294                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1295                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1296                         return;
1297                 case ConfigureRequest:
1298                 case Expose:
1299                 case MapRequest:
1300                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1301                         break;
1302                 case MotionNotify:
1303                         XSync(dpy, False);
1304                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1305                                 nw = 1;
1306                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1307                                 nh = 1;
1308                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1309                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1310                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1311                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1312                         break;
1313                 }
1314         }
1315 }
1316
1317 void
1318 restack(void) {
1319         Client *c;
1320         XEvent ev;
1321         XWindowChanges wc;
1322
1323         drawbar();
1324         if(!sel)
1325                 return;
1326         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1327                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1328         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1329                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1330                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1331                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1332                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1333                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1334                 }
1335                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1336                         if(c == sel)
1337                                 continue;
1338                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1339                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1340                 }
1341         }
1342         XSync(dpy, False);
1343         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1344 }
1345
1346 void
1347 run(void) {
1348         char *p;
1349         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1350         fd_set rd;
1351         int r, xfd;
1352         unsigned int len, offset;
1353         XEvent ev;
1354
1355         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1356         XSync(dpy, False);
1357         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1358         readin = True;
1359         offset = 0;
1360         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1361         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1362         while(running) {
1363                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1364                 if(readin)
1365                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1366                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1367                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1368                         if(errno == EINTR)
1369                                 continue;
1370                         eprint("select failed\n");
1371                 }
1372                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1373                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1374                         case -1:
1375                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1376                                 readin = False;
1377                                 break;
1378                         case 0:
1379                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1380                                 readin = False;
1381                                 break;
1382                         default:
1383                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1384                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1385                                                 *p = '\0';
1386                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1387                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1388                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1389                                                 offset = r;
1390                                                 if(r)
1391                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1392                                                 break;
1393                                         }
1394                                 break;
1395                         }
1396                         drawbar();
1397                 }
1398                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1399                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1400                         if(handler[ev.type])
1401                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1402                 }
1403         }
1404 }
1405
1406 void
1407 scan(void) {
1408         unsigned int i, num;
1409         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1410         XWindowAttributes wa;
1411
1412         wins = NULL;
1413         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1414                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1415                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1416                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1417                                 continue;
1418                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1419                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1420                 }
1421                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1422                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1423                                 continue;
1424                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1425                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1426                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1427                 }
1428         }
1429         if(wins)
1430                 XFree(wins);
1431 }
1432
1433 void
1434 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1435         long data[] = {state, None};
1436
1437         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1438                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1439 }
1440
1441 double
1442 getdouble(const char *s) {
1443         char *endp;
1444         double result = 0;
1445
1446         switch(*s) {
1447         default:
1448                 result = strtod(s, &endp);
1449                 if(s == endp || *endp != 0)
1450                         result = strtol(s, &endp, 0);
1451                 break;
1452         case 'B': result = dc.font.height + 2; break;
1453         case 'W': result = sw; break;
1454         case 'H': result = sh; break;
1455         }
1456         return result;
1457 }
1458
1459 void
1460 setgeom(const char *arg) {
1461         applygeometry(arg);
1462         updatebarpos();
1463         arrange();
1464 }
1465
1466 void
1467 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1468         static Layout *revert = 0;
1469         unsigned int i;
1470
1471         if(!arg)
1472                 return;
1473         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1474                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1475                         break;
1476         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1477                 return;
1478         if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1479                 lt = revert;
1480         else {
1481                 revert = lt;
1482                 lt = &layouts[i];
1483         }
1484         if(sel)
1485                 arrange();
1486         else
1487                 drawbar();
1488 }
1489
1490 void
1491 setup(void) {
1492         unsigned int i;
1493         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1494
1495         /* init screen */
1496         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1497         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1498         initfont(FONT);
1499
1500         /* apply default dimensions */
1501         sx = 0;
1502         sy = 0;
1503         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1504         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1505         applygeometry(GEOMETRY);
1506
1507         /* init atoms */
1508         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1509         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1510         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1511         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1512         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1513         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1514
1515         /* init cursors */
1516         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1517         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1518         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1519
1520         /* init appearance */
1521         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1522         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1523         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1524         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1525         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1526         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1527         initfont(FONT);
1528         dc.h = bh;
1529         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1530         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1531         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1532         if(!dc.font.set)
1533                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1534
1535         /* init tags */
1536         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1537         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1538         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1539
1540         /* init layouts */
1541         lt = &layouts[0];
1542
1543         /* init bar */
1544         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1545                 i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1546                 if(i > blw)
1547                         blw = i;
1548         }
1549
1550         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1551         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1552         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1553
1554         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1555                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1556                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1557         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1558         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1559         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1560         drawbar();
1561
1562         /* EWMH support per view */
1563         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1564                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1565
1566         /* select for events */
1567         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1568                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1569         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1570         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1571
1572
1573         /* grab keys */
1574         grabkeys();
1575 }
1576
1577 void
1578 spawn(const char *arg) {
1579         static char *shell = NULL;
1580
1581         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1582                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1583         if(!arg)
1584                 return;
1585         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1586          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1587         if(fork() == 0) {
1588                 if(fork() == 0) {
1589                         if(dpy)
1590                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1591                         setsid();
1592                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1593                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1594                         perror(" failed");
1595                 }
1596                 exit(0);
1597         }
1598         wait(0);
1599 }
1600
1601 void
1602 tag(const char *arg) {
1603         unsigned int i;
1604
1605         if(!sel)
1606                 return;
1607         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1608                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1609         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1610         arrange();
1611 }
1612
1613 unsigned int
1614 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1615         XRectangle r;
1616
1617         if(dc.font.set) {
1618                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1619                 return r.width;
1620         }
1621         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1622 }
1623
1624 unsigned int
1625 textw(const char *text) {
1626         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1627 }
1628
1629 void
1630 tileh(void) {
1631         int x, w;
1632         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1633         Client *c;
1634
1635         if(n == 0)
1636                 return;
1637         c = tilemaster(n);
1638         if(--n == 0)
1639                 return;
1640
1641         x = tx;
1642         w = tw / n;
1643         if(w < bh)
1644                 w = tw;
1645
1646         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1647                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1648                         tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1649                 else
1650                         tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1651                 if(w != tw)
1652                         x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1653         }
1654 }
1655
1656 Client *
1657 tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1658         Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1659
1660         if(n == 1)
1661                 tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->border, moh - 2 * c->border);
1662         else
1663                 tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->border, mh - 2 * c->border);
1664         return c;
1665 }
1666
1667 void
1668 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1669         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1670         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1671                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1672                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1673 }
1674
1675 void
1676 tilev(void) {
1677         int y, h;
1678         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1679         Client *c;
1680
1681         if(n == 0)
1682                 return;
1683         c = tilemaster(n);
1684         if(--n == 0)
1685                 return;
1686
1687         y = ty;
1688         h = th / n;
1689         if(h < bh)
1690                 h = th;
1691
1692         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1693                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1694                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->border);
1695                 else
1696                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, h - 2 * c->border);
1697                 if(h != th)
1698                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1699         }
1700 }
1701
1702 void
1703 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1704         if(!sel)
1705                 return;
1706         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1707         if(sel->isfloating)
1708                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1709         arrange();
1710 }
1711
1712 void
1713 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1714         unsigned int i, j;
1715
1716         if(!sel)
1717                 return;
1718         i = idxoftag(arg);
1719         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1720         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1721         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1722                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1723         arrange();
1724 }
1725
1726 void
1727 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1728         unsigned int i, j;
1729
1730         i = idxoftag(arg);
1731         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1732         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1733         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1734                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1735         arrange();
1736 }
1737
1738 void
1739 unban(Client *c) {
1740         if(!c->isbanned)
1741                 return;
1742         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1743         c->isbanned = False;
1744 }
1745
1746 void
1747 unmanage(Client *c) {
1748         XWindowChanges wc;
1749
1750         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1751         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1752         XGrabServer(dpy);
1753         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1754         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1755         detach(c);
1756         detachstack(c);
1757         if(sel == c)
1758                 focus(NULL);
1759         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1760         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1761         free(c->tags);
1762         free(c);
1763         XSync(dpy, False);
1764         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1765         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1766         arrange();
1767 }
1768
1769 void
1770 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1771         Client *c;
1772         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1773
1774         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1775                 unmanage(c);
1776 }
1777
1778 void
1779 updatebarpos(void) {
1780
1781         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1782                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1783         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1784         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1785 }
1786
1787 void
1788 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1789         long msize;
1790         XSizeHints size;
1791
1792         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1793                 size.flags = PSize;
1794         c->flags = size.flags;
1795         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1796                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1797                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1798         }
1799         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1800                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1801                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1802         }
1803         else
1804                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1805         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1806                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1807                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1808         }
1809         else
1810                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1811         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1812                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1813                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1814         }
1815         else
1816                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1817         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1818                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1819                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1820         }
1821         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1822                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1823                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1824         }
1825         else
1826                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1827         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1828                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1829                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1830                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1831                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1832         }
1833         else
1834                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1835         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1836                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1837 }
1838
1839 void
1840 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1841         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1842                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1843 }
1844
1845 void
1846 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1847         XWMHints *wmh;
1848
1849         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1850                 if(c == sel)
1851                         sel->isurgent = False;
1852                 else
1853                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1854                 XFree(wmh);
1855         }
1856 }
1857
1858
1859 void
1860 view(const char *arg) {
1861         unsigned int i;
1862
1863         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1864                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1865         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1866
1867         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1868                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1869                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1870                 arrange();
1871         }
1872 }
1873
1874 void
1875 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1876
1877         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1878         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1879         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1880         arrange();
1881 }
1882
1883 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1884  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1885  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1886 int
1887 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1888         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1889         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1890         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1891         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1892         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1893         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1894         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1895         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1896                 return 0;
1897         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1898                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1899         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1900 }
1901
1902 int
1903 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1904         return 0;
1905 }
1906
1907 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1908  * is already running. */
1909 int
1910 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1911         otherwm = True;
1912         return -1;
1913 }
1914
1915 void
1916 zoom(const char *arg) {
1917         Client *c = sel;
1918
1919         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1920                 return;
1921         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1922                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1923                         return;
1924         detach(c);
1925         attach(c);
1926         focus(c);
1927         arrange();
1928 }
1929
1930 int
1931 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1932         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1933                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1934         else if(argc != 1)
1935                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1936
1937         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1938         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1939                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1940
1941         checkotherwm();
1942         setup();
1943         scan();
1944         run();
1945         cleanup();
1946
1947         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1948         return 0;
1949 }